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1、ChapterIIntroduction1.1CulturalBrokering–AUniversalPhenomenonEversinceancienttimes,therehavebeensituationswherepeopleofdifferentculturesneedtocommunicatewitheachotherforvariedpurposes,inwhichculturalbrokeringinevitablypresentsitself.Theinceptionofglo
2、balizationsincethelate20thcenturyhasalmostrenderedculturalencounterorcontactaneverydayphenomenon.Travellingoverseasunavoidablybringspeopleofdifferentculturestogether,thuscreatingthepossibilityofculturalcontactandconflict,butthesweetsoundofatourguidec
3、ouldeasilydispelone’scomplexfeelingsofbeinganalieninaforeigncountryandclearuppossiblemisunderstandingsbetweentouristsandlocalinhabitants.Merchantsfrommulti-nationalcompanieshavetoworkwithpeopleofdifferentcountrieseveryday,butthefactthatpeopleofdiffer
4、entcountriesspeakdifferentlanguagescouldbeahugehindrancetopotentialbusinessopportunities.Fortunately,andperhapsmisfortunatelyaswell,theparticipationofwhatwewouldcallinthispaper“culturalbrokers”suchasinterpreters,ortouristguidesneverfailstoensurethesm
5、oothoperationofbusinesstransactionsortouristjourneys.Eitherbeingatourguideorbeinganinterpreterisfundamentallythesame,becausebothfunctionasamediumoranagentwhoseresponsibilityistofacilitatethecommunicationamongpeopleofdifferentculturesandbeliefs.Facili
6、tationofcommunicationamongdifferentpeoplefromdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguagesistermed“culturebrokering”.Differentdefinitionsofculturalbrokeringhavebeenputforwardbyscholarsovertime.Onedefinitionstatesthatculturalbrokeringistheactofbridging,linki
7、ng,ormediatingbetweengroupsorpersonsofdifferentculturalbackgroundsforthepurposeofreducingconflictorproducingchange(Jezewski,1990).Sinceculturalbordersareauniversalphenomenon(Szasz,2001),culturalcontactandculturalconflictinevitablyoccurinalmostalltime
8、sandspaces.Wherethereisculturalcontactandconflict,culturalbrokeringwillpresentitself.Clearlyitisnoexaggerationatalltoclaimthatculturalbrokeringhasbeenandwillalwaysbeauniversalphenomenon.1.1CulturalBrokers–AUniqueGroupofPeopleThespecificfigureswhoaret
