文化中介者和文化中介艾略特，波卡，洪塔斯普拉特,伊斯特曼文化中介个案研究硕士学位论文

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1、ChapterIIntroduction1.1CulturalBrokering–AUniversalPhenomenonEversinceancienttimes,therehavebeensituationswherepeopleofdifferentculturesneedtocommunicatewitheachotherforvariedpurposes,inwhichculturalbrokeringinevitablypresentsitself.Theinceptionofglobalizationsincethelate20thcenturyhasalmostrend

2、eredculturalencounterorcontactaneverydayphenomenon.Travellingoverseasunavoidablybringspeopleofdifferentculturestogether,thuscreatingthepossibilityofculturalcontactandconflict,butthesweetsoundofatourguidecouldeasilydispelone’scomplexfeelingsofbeinganalieninaforeigncountryandclearuppossiblemisunde

3、rstandingsbetweentouristsandlocalinhabitants.Merchantsfrommulti-nationalcompanieshavetoworkwithpeopleofdifferentcountrieseveryday,butthefactthatpeopleofdifferentcountriesspeakdifferentlanguagescouldbeahugehindrancetopotentialbusinessopportunities.Fortunately,andperhapsmisfortunatelyaswell,thepar

4、ticipationofwhatwewouldcallinthispaper“culturalbrokers”suchasinterpreters,ortouristguidesneverfailstoensurethesmoothoperationofbusinesstransactionsortouristjourneys.Eitherbeingatourguideorbeinganinterpreterisfundamentallythesame,becausebothfunctionasamediumoranagentwhoseresponsibilityistofacilit

5、atethecommunicationamongpeopleofdifferentculturesandbeliefs.Facilitationofcommunicationamongdifferentpeoplefromdifferentculturesanddifferentlanguagesistermed“culturebrokering”.Differentdefinitionsofculturalbrokeringhavebeenputforwardbyscholarsovertime.Onedefinitionstatesthatculturalbrokeringisth

6、eactofbridging,linking,ormediatingbetweengroupsorpersonsofdifferentculturalbackgroundsforthepurposeofreducingconflictorproducingchange(Jezewski,1990).Sinceculturalbordersareauniversalphenomenon(Szasz,2001),culturalcontactandculturalconflictinevitablyoccurinalmostalltimesandspaces.Wherethereiscul

7、turalcontactandconflict,culturalbrokeringwillpresentitself.Clearlyitisnoexaggerationatalltoclaimthatculturalbrokeringhasbeenandwillalwaysbeauniversalphenomenon.1.1CulturalBrokers–AUniqueGroupofPeopleThespecificfigureswhoaret