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1、ConfuciusandConfucianismConfuciuslivedinthelatterpartoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-479BC).Confuciuswasaphilosopher,politicalthinkerandeducatorofancientChina,whoseinfluenceisstillfeltacrosstheworld.《论语》AnalectsofConfuciusLunYu,ortheAnalectsofConfuciu
2、s,recordsthewordsanddeedsofConfuciusaswellasthoseofhisdisciples.ThebookwascompiledbythedisciplesofConfuciusaftertheirMaster’sdeath.Itcoversawidevarietyofsubjects,rangingfrompolitics,philosophy,literatureandarttoeducationandmoralcultivation.Itisindisp
3、ensablematerialforthestudyoftheMaster’sthought.Inaconversationalstyle,thebook,richincontentbutlaconicandclearinlanguage,isprofoundandunderstandable.AnalectsofConfucius子曰:“学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?人不知,而不愠,不亦君子乎?”Confuciussaid,“Isitnotapleasureafterallto
4、practiceinduetimewhatonehaslearnt?Isitnotadelightafteralltohavefriendscomefromafar?Isitnotagentlemanafterallwhowillnottakeoffencewhenothersfailtoappreciatehim?”子曰:“吾十有五而志于学,三十而立,四十而不惑,五十而知天命,六十而耳顺,七十而从心所欲,不逾矩。”Confuciussaid,“Sincetheageof15,Ihavedevo
5、tedmyselftolearning;Since30,Ihavebeenwellestablished;Since40,Ihaveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;since50,Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty;since60,Ihavebeenabletodistinguishrightandwronginotherpeople’swords;andsince70,Ihavebeenabletodowhat
6、Iintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.”AnalectsofConfucius子曰:“学而不思,则罔;思而不学,则殆。”Confuciussaid,“Itthrowsoneintobewildermenttoreadwithoutthinkingwhereasitplacesoneinjeopardytothinkwithoutreading.”子曰:“人而不仁,如礼何?人而不仁,如乐何?”Confuciussaid,“Whatcanamandoaboutth
7、eritesifheisnotbenevolent?Whatcanhedoaboutmusicifheisnotbenevolent?”子贡曰:“如有博施于民而能济众,何如?可谓仁乎?”子曰:“夫仁者,己欲立而立人;己欲达而达人。”ZiGongasked,“Whatdoyouthinkofonewhocanbringbountifulbenefitsandabetterlifetoallthepeople?Ishebenevolent?Confuciusanswered,“Abenevolent
8、manisonewhohelpsothersestablishwhathehimselfwishestoachieve.Tobecapableoftreatingothersasonewouldbetreatedoneselfisthebestwaytobebenevolent.”AnalectsofConfucius子曰:“志于道,据于德,依于仁,游于艺。”Confuciussaid,“Sticktothewaytoyourgoal,baseyourselfonvirtue,leanuponb