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1、ThereasonsforthecomingofAmericanrealism:TheCivilWarwhichbrokeoutin1861taughtmenthatlifewasnotsogood,manwasnotandGodwasnot.Thewarmarkedachange,inthequalityofAmericanlife,adeterioration,infact,ofAmericanmoralvalues.Itledpeopletoquestiontheassumptions:naturalgoodness
2、,theoptimisticviewofnatureandman,benevolentGod.InAmericaincreasingindustrializationandmechanizationofthecountryinfullswingproducedsoonextremesofwealthandpoverty.Wealthandpowerweremoreandmoreconcentratedinthehandsofthefew“captainsofindustry”or“robberbarons”,butlife
3、forthemillionswasfastbecomingaveritablestruggleforsurvival.Thefrontierwasabouttocloseandthesafetyvalvewasceasingtooperate,areexaminationoflifebegan.Disillusionmentandfrustrationwerewidelyfelt.TheageofRomanticismandTranscendentalismwasbyandlargeover.Meanwhileyounge
4、rwritersappearedonthescene,suchasWilliamDeanHowells,HenryJames,MarkTwain,andsoon,whichmeansthecomingofnewliteraryage,Americanrealism.I.IntroductionWhatisAmericanrealism?Asaliterarymovementrealismcameinthelatterhalfofthenineteenthcenturyasareactionagainst“thelie”of
5、romanticismandsentimentalism.Itexpressedtheconcernfortheworldofexperience,ofthecommonplace,andforthefamiliarandthelow.TheAmericanrealistsadvocated“verisimilitudeofdetailderivedfromobservation,”theefforttoapproachthenormofexperience——arelianceontherepresentativeinp
6、lot,setting,andcharacter,andtoofferanobjectiveratherthananidealizedviewofhumannatureandexperience.TheschoolsofAmericanRealism:Regionalism(localcolor)NaturalismTheconcept:Thestyleofwritingderivedfromthepresentationofthefeaturesandpeculiaritiesofaparticularlocalitya
7、nditsinhabitants.SimplyitmeansTheuseofregionaldetailinaliteraryorartisticwork.ThenameisgivenespeciallytoakindofAmericanliteraturethatinitsmostcharacteristicformmadeitsappearancejustaftertheCivilWarandfornearlythreedecadeswasthesinglemostpopularformofAmericanlitera
8、ture.LocalcoloristswereinterestedinrealisticallydepictinglifeindifferentsectionsoftheUnitedStatesinordertopromoteunderstandingandunification.Fictionwrit
