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1、外文文献翻译Theeffectsofsubjectivenormsonbehaviourinthetheoryofplannedbehaviour:Ameta-analysisMarkManning*UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,Massachusetts,USAAmeta-analysisinvestigatedtheeffectsofperceivedinjunctive(IN)anddescriptive(DN)normsonbehaviour(BEH)w
2、ithinthetheoryofplannedbehaviour(TPB)inasampleof196studies.Tworelatedcorrelationmatrices(pairwiseandlistwise)weresynthesizedfromthedataandusedtomodeltheTPBrelationswithpathanalyses.ConvergentevidenceindicatedthattherelationbetweenDNandBEHwasstrongertha
3、ntherelationbetweenINandBEH.EvidencealsosuggestedasignificantdirectrelationbetweenDNandBEHinthecontextofTPB.AsuppressoreffectofINonDNinitsrelationwithBEHwasalsonoted.ModeratoranalysesindicatedthattheDN-BEHrelationwasstrongerwhentherewasmoretimebetweenm
4、easuresofcognitionandbehaviour,whenbehaviourswerenotsociallyapproved,moresociallymotiveandmorepleasant:resultsweremixedinthecaseoftheIN-BEHrelation.ResultsimplythatINandDNareconceptuallydifferentconstructs.Associalbeings,normativepressureinevitablyaffe
5、ctsourbehaviour.Socialnonnsinfluencethewaywedress,howwevote,whatwebuy,andahostofotherbehaviouraldecisions.Socialpsychologistshavebeenexploringtheinfluenceofsocialnormsonbehaviourfordecades.FromAsch'sandMilgramsconformity-experiments(Asch,19S6;Milgram,B
6、ickman,&Berkowitz,1969)throughrecentworkbyCialdiniandcolleagues(Cialdini,Reno.&Kallgren,1990;Reno,Cialdini,&Kallgren,1993),asubstantialbodyofevidencehasdemonstratedthatpeopleconformtothejudgmentsandbehavioursofothers.InexperimentsconductedbyCialdiniand
7、hiscolleagues(Cialdinietal.,1990;Renoetal.,1993),participantsinferredbehaviouralnormsforlitteringfromenvironmentalcuesandactedinaccordwiththesenorms.Theresultshighlightthefactthatperceptionsofnorms,ratberthanactualnorms,canaffectbehaviour.Tlierelationb
8、etweenperceivednormsandbebaviourhasreceivedmuchempiricalsupport(Borsari&Carey,2003;Campo,Brossard,Fnizer.Marchell,Lewis,&Talbot,2003;Gomberg,Schneider,&Dejong,2(K)I;Grube,Morgan,&McGree,1986;Okun,Karoly,&Lutz,2002;Rimai&Real,2005).Howev
