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1、IntroducingtheSpringFrameworkTheSpringFramework:apopularopensourceapplicationframeworkthataddressesmanyoftheissuesoutlinedinthisbook.ThischapterwillintroducethebasicideasofSpringanddis-cussthecentral“beanfactory”lightweightInversion-of-Control(IoC)containerindetail
2、.Springmakesitparticularlyeasytoimplementlightweight,yetextensible,J2EEarchi-tectures.Itprovidesanout-of-the-boximplementationofthefundamentalarchitecturalbuildingblockswerecommend.Springprovidesaconsistentwayofstructuringyourapplications,andprovidesnumerousmiddlet
3、ierfeaturesthatcanmakeJ2EEdevelopmentsignificantlyeasierandmoreflexiblethanintraditionalapproaches.ThebasicmotivationsforSpringare:Toaddressareasnotwellservedbyotherframeworks.TherearenumerousgoodsolutionstospecificareasofJ2EEinfrastructure:webframeworks,persistenc
4、esolutions,remotingtools,andsoon.However,integratingthesetoolsintoacomprehensivearchitecturecaninvolvesignificanteffort,andcanbecomeaburden.Springaimstoprovideanend-to-endsolution,integratingspe-cializedframeworksintoacoherentoverallinfrastructure.Springalsoaddress
5、essomeareasthatotherframeworksdon’t.Forexample,fewframeworksaddressgenerictransactionmanagement,dataaccessobjectimplementation,andgluingallthosethingstogetherintoanapplication,whilestillallowingforbest-of-breedchoiceineacharea.HencewetermSpringanapplicationframewor
6、k,ratherthanawebframework,IoCorAOPframework,orevenmiddletierframework.Toallowforeasyadoption.Aframeworkshouldbecleanlylayered,allowingtheuseofindi-vidualfeatureswithoutimposingawholeworldviewontheapplication.ManySpringfeatures,suchastheJDBC28abstractionlayerorHiber
7、nateintegration,canbeusedinalibrarystyleoraspartoftheSpringend-to-endsolution.Todelivereaseofuse.Aswe’venoted,J2EEoutoftheboxisrelativelyhardtousetosolvemanycommonproblems.Agoodinfrastructureframeworkshouldmakesimpletaskssimpletoachieve,withoutforcingtradeoffsforfu
8、turecomplexrequirements(likedistributedtransactions)ontheapplicationdeveloper.ItshouldallowdeveloperstoleverageJ2EEservicessuchasJTAwhereappropri
