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1、外文文献：BIMBeyondBoundariesSeptember10,2012·byRandyDeutschAbstract:Optingfordepthoverbreadthofexpertiseisafalsechoicethatwillleadindividuals,organizations,theprofession,andindustryinthewrongdirection.Keywords:BIM,expertise,anti-learning,masterbuilderSeveralforcesareconvergingto
2、createanunprecedentedandtimelyopportunityfororganizationsthathaveembracedbuildinginformationmodeling(BIM).Theseforces—includingtheriseoftheexpert,thegrowingcomplexityandspeedofprojects,andBIM’sincreasingrecognitionasanenabler,catalyst,andfacilitatorofteamcollaboration—alsopr
3、esentsignificantchallengesthatcanbeovercomewiththerightapproachandmindset.Atonetime,beinganexpertmeantknowingmorethanone’scompetitorsinaparticularfield.Firmsthatreinforcedtheirexpertculturehoardedinformation,whichresultedinsilosofexpertise.Today,manyfirmsarelookingtohirepeop
4、leperceivedasbuildingandsoftwaretechnologyexperts,shortsightedlyaddressingtoday’sneedsattheexpenseoftomorrow’s.Whilearchitectshavealwaysbeentreeswithmanybranches,ourcurrenteconomicclimatehasdiscouragedthemfrombeinganythingbutpalmtrees:alltrunk,nobranches.Andyetthingschangeso
5、quicklythatthosewhowenttobedexpertsareunlikelytowakeupexpertsinthemorning.Duetothespeedandcomplexityofprojects,wedonothavetimetoacquireknowledgetheoldway—slowly,overtime,throughtraditionalmeans.Evenwhenwesupplementourbooklearningwithconferences,webinars,andcontinuingeducatio
6、n,itisimpossibletokeepupwiththeflowofnewinformationinourindustry.Expertisetodayisamuchmoresocial,fluid,anditerativeprocessthanitusedtobe.Beinganexpertisnolongerabouttellingpeoplewhatyouknowsomuchasunderstandingwhatquestionstoask,whotoask,andapplyingknowledgeflexiblyandcontex
7、tuallytothespecificsituationathand.Expertisehasoftenbeenassociatedwithteachingandmentoring.Todayit’smoreconcernedwithlearningthanknowing:lesstodowithcontinuingeducationandmorewithpracticingandengagingincontinuouseducation.Socialmediapresentsthewould-beexpertwithbothopportuni
8、tiesandchallenges.Working-14-withtheunderstandingthatsomebodysomewherehasal
