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1、外文文献：BIMBeyondBoundariesSeptember10,2012·byRandyDeutschAbstract:Optingfordepthoverbreadthofexpertiseisafalsechoicethatwillleadindividuals,organizations,theprofession,andindustryinthewrongdirection.Keywords:BIM,expertise,anti-learning,masterbuilderSev
2、eralforcesareconvergingtocreateanunprecedentedandtimelyopportunityfororganizationsthathaveembracedbuildinginformationmodeling(BIM).Theseforces—includingtheriseoftheexpert,thegrowingcomplexityandspeedofprojects,andBIM’sincreasingrecognitionasanenabler
3、,catalyst,andfacilitatorofteamcollaboration—alsopresentsignificantchallengesthatcanbeovercomewiththerightapproachandmindset.Atonetime,beinganexpertmeantknowingmorethanone’scompetitorsinaparticularfield.Firmsthatreinforcedtheirexpertculturehoardedinfo
4、rmation,whichresultedinsilosofexpertise.Today,manyfirmsarelookingtohirepeopleperceivedasbuildingandsoftwaretechnologyexperts,shortsightedlyaddressingtoday’sneedsattheexpenseoftomorrow’s.Whilearchitectshavealwaysbeentreeswithmanybranches,ourcurrenteco
5、nomicclimatehasdiscouragedthemfrombeinganythingbutpalmtrees:alltrunk,nobranches.Andyetthingschangesoquicklythatthosewhowenttobedexpertsareunlikelytowakeupexpertsinthemorning.Duetothespeedandcomplexityofprojects,wedonothavetimetoacquireknowledgetheold
6、way—slowly,overtime,throughtraditionalmeans.Evenwhenwesupplementourbooklearningwithconferences,webinars,andcontinuingeducation,itisimpossibletokeepupwiththeflowofnewinformationinourindustry.Expertisetodayisamuchmoresocial,fluid,anditerativeprocesstha
7、nitusedtobe.Beinganexpertisnolongerabouttellingpeoplewhatyouknowsomuchasunderstandingwhatquestionstoask,whotoask,andapplyingknowledgeflexiblyandcontextuallytothespecificsituationathand.Expertisehasoftenbeenassociatedwithteachingandmentoring.Todayit’s
8、moreconcernedwithlearningthanknowing:lesstodowithcontinuingeducationandmorewithpracticingandengagingincontinuouseducation.Socialmediapresentsthewould-beexpertwithbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Working-14-withtheunderstandingthatsomebodysomewherehasal
