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1、LectureOneContrastiveStudyofChineseandEnglishLanguageDifferencelFromStructure1.英语有形态变化,汉语没有严格意义的形态变化.English:gender,number,case,tense,voice,mood,degreeofcomparison,personandpartsofspeech.汉语:数量助词,动态助词,结构助词比较：我给了他一本书.Igavehimabook.他给了我两本书.Hehasgivenmetwobooks.他爸爸常常给他一些书
2、.Hisfatheroftengiveshimbooks2.英语词序比较灵活，汉语词序相对固定.NotafingerdidIlayonhim.我从没有指责过他.他被剥夺了权利之后,只好离职,流落他乡.Hehadtoquitthepositionandwentinexile,havingbeendeprivedofhispower.3.英语经常使用定冠词和不定冠词outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion绝不takeachair请坐/就坐takethechair主持会议/做主席ahundredandone很多
3、onehundredandone一百零一Shewaswithachild.她带着一个孩子。Shewaswithchild.她怀孕了。Theyarestudentsofourschool.他们是本校的学生。Theyarethestudentsofourschool.他们是本校的全部学生。Ihavelivedhereformorethanayear.我在这儿住了一年多了。Ihavelivedhereforemorethanoneyear.我在这儿住了超过一年了。4.汉语有丰富多彩的助词.吧今天不会下雨吧?Itisn’tgoingtor
4、aintoday,isit?你好好想想吧!Justthinkitover.明天就明天吧.Allright,let’smakeittomorrow.咱们走吧.Let’sgo.打吧,打不下去;跑吧,跑不了,敌人只好投降.Unabletofightonortoescape,theenemywereforcedtosurrender.5.英语常用介词,汉语则少用介词.ªWhatisheat?他正在干什么?ªJohnvotedwiththeTories.John投票支持保守党.ªHeisamanabovevulgarinterests.他是
5、一个脱离了低级趣味的人ªItlooksasifweareinforastorm.看来我们免不了要碰上一场暴风雨了.lFromIntonation1.英语是语调语言,语音表意手段主要是语调和重音.Youmayˊnotgo.你不可以去.Youˊmaynotgo.你可以不去.YousaidhewouldCOME.YousaidheWOULDcome.YousaidHEwouldcome.YouSAIDhewouldcome.YOUsaidhewouldcome.2.汉语是声调语言,语音表意手段主要是声调.ª我的衣服／我的姨夫ª我爱马／我
6、挨骂ª我叫他去。I’llaskhimtogo.I’llgoandcallhim.ª我想起来了。I’llgetup.I’vethoughtitout..3.汉语注重音节均匀，成双成对:对偶,排比,反复,叠音Translate:重重叠叠山，曲曲弯弯路，叮叮咚咚泉，高高下下树Escalatingmountains,meanderingpaths,tinklingspringsandinterspersingtrees.行行过太行,OnandonpastTaihangwewalk迢迢赴延安.ByandbytoYananwemakeourw
7、ay细细问故旧,Againandagainwitholdfriendswetalk星星数鬓斑.Onebyonewecountourhairsgrey.lFromMeaning1.ChinesegrammarisflexiblewhileEnglishgrammarisrigid.1).汉语是意合语言,以神统形,注重逻辑,隐形连贯.人不犯我,我不犯人。Wewillnotattackunlessweareattacked.人到事中迷,就怕没人提.Whenamanislostinalabyrinth,whatheneedsbadlyis
8、ahint.Asyousow,sowillyoureap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆Heissmartasarule,butthistimeafool.聪明一世，糊涂一时Onceacertainlimitisreached,achangeintheoppo
