植物学及园艺学英文版 botany and horticulture 8

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1、PhylumZygomycotaPlP421/521ClassesZygomycetes870speciesin124genera,32familiesand10ordersTrichomycetes218speciesin55genera,6familiesand3ordersZygomycetesTrichomycetesFromWhiteetal.2006.Mycologia98:872-884Basedon18S+28S+5.8SSexualReproductionSexualreproductionbyproductionofzygospores(=thick-walledres

2、tingspores)withinzygosporangiathatareformedbyfusionofgametangiaProgametangiaMycelium+-GametangiaSuspensorsZygoteZygosporekaryogamyplasmogamyhttp://www.botany.utoronto.ca/ResearchLabs/MallochLab/Malloch/Moulds/Zygospores_of_Mucorales.htmlAsexualReproductionSporangiaSporangiosporesdelimitedfromcytop

3、lasmbycleavagevesiclefusionConidiaFormedbysamemechanismasblastoconidiaSexualCompatibilityRegulatedbytrisporicacid,asexpheromone(Blakeslee,1904):Enhancessecretionofspecificprecursorsoftrisporicacidandbeta-carotenePositivelyregulatesitsownsynthesisbystimulatingrateofprecursorformationinpairedculture

4、sInduceszygophoreformationRepressessporangiophoreformationZygosporesThick-walled,usuallyhyaline,butzygosporangiumwalloftenpigmentedandornamentedOnezygosporeperzygosporangiumGerminationbyformationofhyphaeorsporangiumClassZygomycetesClassification:MucoralesMortierellalesKickxellalesDimargaritalesZoo

5、pagalesEntomophthoralesEndogonalesOrderMucorales30%ofknownzygomycetes(~300spp.)Welldeveloped,typicallycoenocyticmyceliumWallcompositionofchitosan,chitinandpolyglucoronicacidAsexualreproductionbyformationofsporangiosporescleavedoutfromthecytoplasmofsporangiaChlamydosporesmaybeformedCalledmucoralean

6、ormucoraceousfungiSporangiaMosttaxaproduceglobosesporangiaSporangialwallcanbepersistantorfragile,ofvariouscolors,andisusuallysmoothhttp://www.botany.utoronto.ca/ResearchLabs/MallochLab/Malloch/Moulds.htmlMucorsporangiumcolumellasporangiosporessporangiophoreSporangiaApophysateSubsporangialswellingN

7、onapophysateLackingsubsporangialswellingSporangiosporesOne-celled1-tomultinucleateSmooth-walled,orornamentedwithspines,wartsorstriationsMosttaxaproducehyalinesporesSometaxaproducesporeswithhyalineappendagesSporan