管理经济学中英文术语及其解释

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1、管理经济学中英文术语及其解释Ability-to-Payprinciple（税收的）能力支付原则theideathattaxesshouldbeleviedonapersonaccordingtohowwellthatpersoncanshouldertheburdenAbsoluteadvantage绝对优势thecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheirproductivityAccountingprofit会计利润totalrevenueminustotalexplicitcostAdverseselection逆向

2、选择thetendencyforthemixofunobservedattributestobecomeundesirablefromthestandpointofanuninformedpartyAgent代理人apersonwhoisperforminganactforanotherperson,calledtheprincipalArrow’simpossibilitytheoremM罗小口J能记理amathematicalresultshowingthat，undercertainassumedconditions,thereisnoschemeforaggrega

3、tingindividualpreferencesintoavalidsetofsocialpreferencesAveragefixedcostT•均固定成本fixedcostsdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragerevenue平均收益totalrevenuedividedbythequantitysoldAveragetaxrate平均税率totaltaxespaiddividedbytotalincomeAveragetotalcost平均总成木totalcostdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragev

4、ariablecostT均可变成本variablecostsdividedbythequantityofoutputBenefitsprinciple受益原贝1JtheideathatpeopleshouldpaytaxesbasedonthebenefitstheyreceivefromgovernmentservicesBudgetconstraint预©:约來thelimitontheconsumptionbundlesthataconsumercanaffordBudgetdeficit预舒亦字anexcessofgovernmentspendingovergove

5、rnmentreceiptsBudgetsurplus预盈余anexcessofgovernmentreceiptsovergovernmentspendingBusinesscycle经济调期fluctuationsineconomicactivity，suchasemploymentandproductionCapital资产theequipmentandstructuresusedtoproducegoodsandservicesCartel卡半、尔agroupoffirmsactinginunisonCircular-flowdiagram循环流向网avisualm

6、odeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholdsandfirmsCoasetheorem矛斗斯定理thepropositionthatifprivatepartiescanbargainwithoutcostovertheallocationofresources，theycansolvetheproblemofexternalitiesontheirownCollusionKiManagreementamongfirmsinamarketaboutquantitiestoproduce

7、orpricestochargeCommonresources井goodsthatarerivalbutnotexcludableComparativeadvantage比较势thecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheiropportunitycostCompensatingdifferential补偿性I•资差别adifferenceinwagesthatarisestooffsetthenonmonetarycharacteristicsofdifferen