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1、·2014职称英语理工类新增文章：阅读判断第八篇o来源：环球网校（edu24oL）o【大中小】o频道：职称英语 文章摘要：2014职称英语理工类新增文章：阅读判断第八篇 第八篇 WhatIsaDream? Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Some psychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkth
2、atdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson'smindandemotions. Beforemodemtimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway. TheAustrianpsych
3、ologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreams scientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreams areanexpressionsofaperson'swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthe feelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpress
4、inreallife. TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud's.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamab
5、outfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves. Modem-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample, psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,
6、SantaCruz,believesthatdreams aretightlylinkedtoaperson'sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,might dreamaboutcrime. Dornhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisame
7、ntalskillthatneedstimetodevelop. Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsand gender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen'sdreams.3Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferencei
8、nthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothm
