管理学罗宾斯9版教师手册_7

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1、Chapter4-FoundationsofDecisionMakingCHAPTER4FOUNDATIONSOFDECISIONMAKINGLEARNINGOUTCOMESAfterreadingthischapter,studentsshouldbeableto:1.Describethedecision-makingprocess.2.Explainthethreeapproachesmanagerscanusetomakedecisions.3.Describethetypesofdecisionsa

2、nddecision-makingconditionsmanagersface.4.Discussgroupdecision-making.5.Discusscontemporaryissuesinmanagerialdecision-making.ManagementMythMyth:Thebestmanagersareexemptfrommakingcommondecision-makingmistakes.Truth:Studieshavefoundthatexecutivesfrequentlymak

3、ethesamemistakesthatmanyofusmakeinourdailydecisions.SUMMARYTheoverallqualityofamanger’sdecisionsgoesalongwayindetermininganorganization’ssuccessorfailure.Thischapterfocusesonthetypesofdecisionsmanagersmakeandhowtheyshouldbemade.TeachingTips:Havestudentsthin

4、kaboutimportantdecisionstheyhavemaderecently.Questionsforstudentstoconsider:·Didtheyfollowaseriesofstepstothinkthroughwhilemakingthisdecision?·Wasthereahighdegreeofuncertaintyinvolvedinmakingthedecision?·Wasagroupofpeopleinvolvedinmakingthisdecision?Ifso,di

5、dthegrouphelporhurtthedecisionmakingprocess?4-82Copyright©2015PearsonEducation,Inc.Chapter4-FoundationsofDecisionMakingI.HOWDOMANAGERSMAKEDECISIONS?A.Introduction1.Decision-makingistypicallydescribedas“choosingamongalternatives.”2.Thisissimplisticbecausedec

6、ision-makingisaprocess.a)SeeExhibit4-1illustratingthedecision-makingprocess.B.Whatdefinesadecisionproblem?1.Thedecision-makingprocessbeginswiththeidentificationofaproblem(Step1),adiscrepancybetweenanexistingandadesiredstateofaffairs.a)KraftFoodsexample.2.Pr

7、oblemidentificationissubjective.3.Themanagerwhobymistakesolvesthewrongproblemperfectly,islikelytoperformjustaspoorlyasthemanagerwhofailstoidentifytherightproblemanddoesnothing.a)Howdomanagersbecomeawarethattheyhaveadiscrepancy?b)Managerscomparetheircurrents

8、tateofaffairsagainstanacceptablestandard.1)Pastperformance.2)Previouslysetgoals.3)Performanceofsomeotherunitwithintheorganizationorinotherorganizations.C.WhatIsRelevantintheDecision-MakingProcess?1.Onc