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1、语言学教程课后练习答案胡壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案1.designfeature:arefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguages,suchasarbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,culturaltransmission,etc.2.function:theuseoflanguagetocommunicate,tothink,etc.Languagefunctionsinclucleimformativefuncti
2、on,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunction.3.etic:atermincontrastwithemicwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistinctionofphon
3、eticsandphonemics.Beingeticmansmakingfartoomany,aswellasbehaviouslyinconsequential,differentiations,justaswasofterthecasewithphoneticvx.phonemicanalysisinlinguisticsproper.4.emic:atermincontrastwitheticwhichoriginatesfromAmericanlinguistPike’sdistincti
4、onofphoneticsandphonemics.Anemicsetofspeechactsandeventsmustbeonethatisvalidatedasmeaningfulviafinalresourcetothenativemembersofaspeechcommunithratherthanviaqppealtotheinvestigator’singenuithorintuitionalone.5.synchronic:akindofdescriptionwhichtakesafi
5、xedinstant(usually,butnotnecessarily,thepresent),asitspointofobservation.Mostgrammarsareofthiskind.6.diachronic:studyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.7.prescriptive:thestudyofalanguageiscarriedthroughthecourseofitshistory.8.prescriptive
6、:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsareprescribedhowoughttobe,i.e.layingdownrulesforlanguageuse.9.descriptive:akindoflinguisticstudyinwhichthingsarejustdescribed.10.arbitrariness:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguis
7、ticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.11.duality:onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofarecomposedofelementsofthesecondary.levelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.12.displacement:onedes
8、ignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichmeanshumanlanguageenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresentcintimeandspace,atthemomentofcommunication.13.phaticcommunion:onefunctionofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothesocialintera
