贵要静脉的应用解剖.doc

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1、贵要静脉的应用解剖【摘要】目的为临床上行贵要静脉穿刺术，提高穿刺成功率提供贵要静脉的应用解剖学资料。方法选取经福尔马林浸泡的成人尸体标本33例共66侧。逐层解剖上肢，暴露贵要静脉。用游标卡尺来测量贵要静脉的长度和外径。并观察贵要静脉的起始情况，贵要静脉与相关神经及动脉之间的关系。结果贵要静脉长度，男性约335.01mm，女性约331.50mm；贵要静脉在前臂中部管径，男性约1.90mm，女性约1.85mm；贵要静脉接肘正中静脉处管径，男性约2.35mm，女性约2.26mm；贵要静脉末端管径，男性约2.90mm，女性约2.6

2、0mm。贵要静脉多数起于手背尺侧缘，少数起于第1手背静脉汇合处，后沿前臂尺侧上行，在肘窝下方转向前面，接收肘正中静脉后，经肱二头肌内侧沟上行至臂中部，穿深筋膜汇入肱静脉。贵要静脉深面是肱二头肌腱膜，此腱膜将贵要静脉与肱动脉、正中神经隔开，贵要静脉可跨过前臂内侧皮神经，前臂内侧皮神经亦可跨过贵要静脉。结论在肘部抽血时，如遇肘正中静脉缺如，以穿刺贵要静脉为宜；穿刺置管时如遇头静脉插管困难，以选择贵要静脉为宜。【关键词】贵要静脉；静脉穿刺；应用解剖Abstract:ObjectiveToexploretheanatomyofth

3、ebasilicvein,whichprovidingtheanatomicaldataforimprovingthesuccessrateofthevenipuncture.MethodsTotally33casesadultcadavers(66sides)soakedbyformalinwereobserved.Thebasilicveinswereexposedcarefully;theirdiameterandlengthweremeasuredwithverniercaliper.Meanwhile,theor

4、iginandtheadjacenceofthebasilicveinwerealsoobserved.ResultsThelengthofbasilicveinswereabout335.01mminmen,about331.50mminwomen;thediameterofthebasilicveininmedianforearmwasabout1.90mminman,andabout1.85mminwoman;thediameterofthebasilicveinadjacenttothemedialcubitalv

5、einwasabout2.35mminmale,about2.26mminfemale;thediameteroftheproximalpartofbasilicveinwasabout2.90mminmale,about2.60mminfemale.Themajorityoriginsofthebasilicveinwereintheulnarmarginofthebackhand,afewwerefromthebackoftheadjacentfinger.Risingalongtheulnarforearm,theb

6、asilicaveinmigratedanteriorly,receivedmediancubitalvein,thenwentthroughthethemedialsulcusofbicepsuptothemedianupperarm,throughthedeepfasciatojointhebrachialvein.Theaponeurosisbicipitalislayindeepofthebasilicvein,whichseparatedthebasilicaveinfrombrachialarteryandth

7、emediannerve.Inaddition,thebasilicveincouldcrossaboveorbelowthemedialantebrachialcutaneousnerve.ConclusionHemospasiafromelbow,puncturefromthebasilicaveinisthewellchoiceifthemediancubitalveinisabsencet.Venipuncturethroughbasilicveinissuitablewhenthecephalicveinintu

8、bationdifficult.4Keywords:basilicvein;venipuncture;appliedanatomy贵要静脉位于皮下组织内，位置表浅，透过皮肤在体表易于看见，多吻合成静脉网，无动脉伴行。静脉管壁薄，平滑肌和弹性纤维较少，收缩性和弹性差，故近心端受到压迫或压力增高时血流更为缓