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1、MachiavelliMachiavelliAPortrait5christophers.celenzaharvarduniversitypresscambridge,massachusettslondon,england2015Copyright©2015byChristopherS.CelenzaAllrightsreservedPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaFirstprintingLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisava
2、ilablefromthelibraryofcongress.ISBN:978-0-674-41612-3ForAnnaHarwellCelenzaContentsPrologue11.Renaissance,Conspiracies,Bonfires:Machiavelli’sLittle-KnownYouth42.HighsandLows:MachiavelliEmerges313.Interlude:Machiavelli’sLetter574.ThePrince655.ConversingwiththeAncient
3、s:TheDiscourses1026.TheComedyofLife:LettersandPlays,WivesandLovers1347.History1608.Ghosts190notes213bibliography227acknowledgments233Index235MachiavelliPrologueMachiavelli.Hisnameconjuresupavisionofamoralconductandtheideathattheendsjustifythemeansineverythingfromin
4、troductorypoliticalscienceclassestobusinessmanuals.Thesedaysheappearsasacharacterinawildlypopularrole-playingvideogame,Assassin’sCreed,andhewasaregularinShowtime’shittelevisionseriesTheBorgias.Pairtheword“Machiavellian”withthenameofalmostanypoliticianinanInternetse
5、arch,andyouwillfindawholeworldofjournalismtoexplore.Whyarewesofascinatedbyhim?Whyhashisnameretainedsuchapowerfulholdonourimaginations?TheanswerisfoundinThePrince,ashortbookhewrotein1513.Thoughitwasunprintedinhislifetime,ThePrincewentontobecomeanenduringbestseller,t
6、ranslatedintonumerouslanguages.Isitbettertobelovedorfeared?Howmuchdoesfortuneinfluencehumanaffairs?Shouldaleaderbeimpetuousormeasured?Howdoleadersplanforthefuturewhentherearealwayssomanypossiblepathstotake?Howmuchdoap-pearancesmatter?Machiavelli’sanswerstotheseandm
7、anyotherquestionsemergeinThePrince.ItistheItalianRenais-sance’smostfamousbook,anditdeservestheattentionithastraditionallyreceived.Butithadacontext.Atfirstglance,the2MachiavellicircumstancesthatledtothecompositionofThePrinceseemalmostunbelievable.Theyearwas1512.Mach
8、iavelli,anactivediplomatandpo-liticalfigureinRenaissanceFlorence,foundhimselfandhiscityimmersedinwars,tumultuouspolitics,andconspiracies.TheMedic
