资源描述:
《introduction to management and organizations英文版管理学练习题集(含答案)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter1–IntroductiontoManagementandOrganizationsEssayQuestionsInashortessay,discussthedifferencebetweenefficiencyandeffectivenessandincludeaspecificexampletosupporteachconcept.Answera.Efficiencyreferstogettingthemostoutputfromtheleastamountofinputs.Becausemanagersdealwi
2、thscarceinputs—includingresourcessuchaspeople,money,andequipment—theyareconcernedwiththeefficientuseofresources.Forinstance,attheBeiersdorfInc.factoryinCincinnati,whereemployeesmakebodybracesandsupports,canes,walkers,crutches,andothermedicalassistanceproducts,efficientma
3、nufacturingtechniqueswereimplementedbydoingthingssuchascuttinginventorylevels,decreasingtheamountoftimetomanufactureproducts,andloweringproductrejectrates.Fromthisperspective,efficiencyisoftenreferredtoas“doingthingsright”—thatis,notwastingresources.b.Effectivenessisofte
4、ndescribedas“doingtherightthings”—thatis,thoseworkactivitiesthatwillhelptheorganizationreachitsgoals.Forinstance,attheBiersdorffactory,goalsincludedopencommunicationbetweenmanagersandemployees,andcuttingcosts.Throughvariousworkprograms,thesegoalswerepursuedandachieved.Wh
5、ereasefficiencyisconcernedwiththemeansofgettingthingsdone,effectivenessisconcernedwiththeends,orattainmentoforganizationalgoals.(moderate)Inashortessay,listandexplainthefourbasicfunctionsofmanagement.Answera.Planning–involvestheprocessofdefininggoals,establishingstrategi
6、esforachievingthosegoals,anddevelopingplanstointegrateandcoordinateactivities.b.Organizing–involvestheprocessofdeterminingwhattasksaretobedone,whoistodothem,howthetasksaretobegrouped,whoreportstowhom,andwheredecisionsaretobemade.c.Leading–whenmanagersmotivatesubordinates
7、,influenceindividualsorteamsastheywork,selectthemosteffectivecommunicationchannel,ordealinanywaywithemployeebehaviorissues,theyareleading.a.Controlling–toensurethatworkisgoingasitshould,managersmustmonitorandevaluateperformance.Theprocessofmonitoring,comparing,andcorrect
8、ingiswhatismeantbythecontrollingfunction.(moderate)Inashortessay,listanddiscussthethreeessentialskillsa