资源描述：
《Introduction to Management and Organizations英文版管理学练习题集（含答案）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter1–IntroductiontoManagementandOrganizationsEssayQuestionsInashortessay,discussthedifferencebetweenefficiencyandeffectivenessandincludeaspecificexampletosupporteachconcept.Answera.Efficiencyreferstogettingthemostoutputfromtheleastamountofinputs.Becausemana
2、gersdealwithscarceinputs—includingresourcessuchaspeople,money,andequipment—theyareconcernedwiththeefficientuseofresources.Forinstance,attheBeiersdorfInc.factoryinCincinnati,whereemployeesmakebodybracesandsupports,canes,walkers,crutches,andothermedicalassistance
3、products,efficientmanufacturingtechniqueswereimplementedbydoingthingssuchascuttinginventorylevels,decreasingtheamountoftimetomanufactureproducts,andloweringproductrejectrates.Fromthisperspective,efficiencyisoftenreferredtoas“doingthingsright”—thatis,notwastingr
4、esources.b.Effectivenessisoftendescribedas“doingtherightthings”—thatis,thoseworkactivitiesthatwillhelptheorganizationreachitsgoals.Forinstance,attheBiersdorffactory,goalsincludedopencommunicationbetweenmanagersandemployees,andcuttingcosts.Throughvariousworkprog
5、rams,thesegoalswerepursuedandachieved.Whereasefficiencyisconcernedwiththemeansofgettingthingsdone,effectivenessisconcernedwiththeends,orattainmentoforganizationalgoals.(moderate)Inashortessay,listandexplainthefourbasicfunctionsofmanagement.Answera.Planning–invo
6、lvestheprocessofdefininggoals,establishingstrategiesforachievingthosegoals,anddevelopingplanstointegrateandcoordinateactivities.b.Organizing–involvestheprocessofdeterminingwhattasksaretobedone,whoistodothem,howthetasksaretobegrouped,whoreportstowhom,andwheredec
7、isionsaretobemade.c.Leading–whenmanagersmotivatesubordinates,influenceindividualsorteamsastheywork,selectthemosteffectivecommunicationchannel,ordealinanywaywithemployeebehaviorissues,theyareleading.a.Controlling–toensurethatworkisgoingasitshould,managersmustmon
8、itorandevaluateperformance.Theprocessofmonitoring,comparing,andcorrectingiswhatismeantbythecontrollingfunction.(moderate)Inashortessay,listanddiscussthethreeessentialskillsa
