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1、ChemicalHazardsIEmiliaZainalDepartmentofEnvironmentalandOccupationalHealthUPMArsenicDefinition‘Metals’originallyincludedonlygold,silver,copper,iron,lead,andtin.Dense,malleable(abletobehammeredorpressedpermanentlyoutofshapewithoutbreakingorcracking),lustrousConductheatandelectric
2、ity,cationsManyotherelementssinceaddedtothelistwithsomeofthesecharacteristics‘Metalloids’areelementswithfeaturesintermediatebetweenmetalsandnon-metalsExample:Arsenic-nearorinhazardouswastesitesandareaswithhighlevelsnaturallyoccurringinsoil,rocks,andwaterHeavymetalHeavymetalarech
3、emicalselementswithaspecificgravitythatisatleast5timesthespecificgravityofwaterArsenic5.7;cadmium8.65;lead11.34;mercury13.54AmetalhavinganatomicweightgreaterthanNa,adensitygreaterthan5g/cm3PhysicalpropertiesHighreflectivity,electricalandthermalconductivity,strengthEasilytracedan
4、dmeasuredandfatedeterminedSomenotionoftoxicityUsuallyincludeslead,cadmiumandmercuryMetalsinworkplaceMetalsareextensivelyusedinindustrialoperationthusresultinginahighriskofexposuretoworkersandenvironmentWeldingGrindingSolderingPaintingSmeltingStoragebatteryRecyclingIndustrieswith
5、highpotentialofleadexposuresincludeconstructionwork,mostsmelteroperations,radiatorrepairshops,andfiringranges.Cadmiumisfoundinindustrialworkplaces,particularlywhereanyoreisbeingprocessedorsmelted.Commonsourcesofmercuryexposureincludemining,production,andtransportationofmercury,o
6、ilandgasindustryaswellasminingandrefiningofgoldandsilverores.RecyclingindustryMercuryisanaturallyoccurringtraceelementinfossilfuelsItispredominantlypresentinthemetallicformbutmaybepresentintheformofinorganicsaltsandorganicspecies.ShipbreakingindustrySchedule2-USECHH2000METALS/Ch
7、emicalsforwhichmedicalsurveillancemustbeperformedArsenicandanyofitscompoundBerylliumCadmiumChromiumLeadManganeseMercuryNotifiableOccupationalPoisoningandDisease3rdscheduleOSH(NotificationofAccident,DangerousOccurrence,OccupationalPoisoningandOccupationalDisease)Regulations(7)200
8、4PoisoningbyCd,Ar,Pb,Hg,Mn,Phosphorus,antimony,
