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ID:14236818
大小:1.56 MB
页数:207页
时间:2018-07-27
《history of modern biotechnology i - springer》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、PrefaceTheaimoftheAdvancesofBiochemicalEngineering/Biotechnologyistokeepthereaderinformedontherecentprogressintheindustrialapplicationofbiology.Geneticalengineering,metabolismondbioprocessdevelopmentinclud-inganalytics,automationandnewsoftwarearethedominantfieldso
2、finterest.Therebyprogressmadeinmicrobiology,plantandanimalcellculturehasbeenreviewedforthelastdecadeorso.TheSpecialIssueontheHistoryofBiotechnology(splittedintoVol.69and70)isanexceptiontotheotherwiseforwardorientededitorialpolicy.Itcoversatimespanofapproximatelyfi
3、ftyyearsanddescribesthechangesfromatimewithrathercharacteristicfeaturesofempiricalstrategiestohighlydevelopedandspecializedenterprises.SuccessofthepresentbiotechnologystilldependsonsubstantialinvestmentinR&Dundertakenbyprivateandpublicinvestors,researchers,andente
4、rpreneurs.Alsoanumberofnewscientificandbusinessorientedorganisationsaimatthepromotionofscienceandtechnologyandthetransfertoactiveenterprises,capitalraising,improvementofeducationandfosteringinternationalrelationships.Mostoftheseactivitiesrelatedtomodernbiotechnolo
5、gydidnotexistimmediatelyafterthewar.Scientistsworkedinsmallgroupsandanestablishedsciencepolicydidn’texist.Thissituationexplainsthelongperiodoftimefromthedetectionoftheanti-bioticeffectbyAlexanderFlemingin1928totheratandmousetestingbyBrianChainandHowartFlorey(1940)
6、.Thefollowingdevelopmentsuptotheproduc-tionlevelwerearealbreakthroughnotonlybiologically(penicillinwasthefirstantibiotic)butalsotechnically(firstscaled-upmicrobialmasscultureundersterileconditions).Theantibioticindustryprovidedtheprocessingstrategiesforstrainimpro
7、vement(selectionofmutants)andthesearchfornewstrains(screening)aswellasthetechnologiesfortheasepticmasscultureanddown-streamprocessing.Theprocesscanthereforebeconsideredasoneofthemajordevelopmentsofthattimewhatgraduallyevolvedinto“Biotechnology”inthelate1960s.Reaso
8、nsforthenewnamewerethepotentialapplicationofa“new”(molecular)biologywithits“new”(molecular)genetics,theinventionofelec-troniccomputingandinformationscie
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