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ID:10253075
大小:147.50 KB
页数:18页
时间:2018-06-13
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1、定义Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.GeneralLinguistics:ThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGenerallinguistics.language:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.DesignFeatures:Itreferstothedefiningpopertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistingu
2、ishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.Thescopeoflinguistics:Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.(普通语言学)Thestudyofsounds,whichareusedinlinguisticco
3、mmunication,iscalledphonetics.(语音学)Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.(音系学)Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalledmorphology.(形态学)Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax(句法学)Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisca
4、lledsemantics.(语义学)Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.(语用学)Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsocio-linguistics.(社会语言学)Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofmindiscalledpsycho-linguistics.(心理语言学)1.宽式音标BroadtranscriptionThetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithlettersymb
5、olsonly.2.窄式音标NarrowtranscriptionThetranscriptionofspeechsoundwithletterssymbolsandthediacritics.3.清音VoicelessWhenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,lettingairgothroughwithoutcausingvibration,thesoundsproducedinsuchaconditionarecalledvoicelesssounds.4.浊音VoicingSoundsproducedwhilethevocalcordsarevibrat
6、ingarecalledvoicedsounds.5.元音VowelThesoundsintheproductionofwhichnoarticulatorscomeveryclosetogetherandtheairstreampassesthroughthevocaltractwithoutobstructionarecalledvowels.6.辅音ConsonantsThesoundsintheproductionofwhichthereisanobstructionoftheairstreamatsomepointofthevocaltractarecalledconsonant
7、s.7.音位PhonemeThebasicunitinphonology,it’sacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.8.音位变体AllophonesDifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentenvironmentsarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.9.音素phoneAphone
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