职业挑战的教育和培训体系[文献翻译]2010-12-25

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1、原文：Employability:ChallengesforEducationandTrainingSystemsElenaArjonaPerez,ChristelleGarrouste,andKorneliaKozovskaAbstract.Therecentcrisishastakenitstollintermsofunemployment,especiallyamongyoungpeople.ThishasrevivedthedebateonthecontributionofEducationandTraining(E&T)systemstotheemployabilityofyo

2、unggraduates.AtEuropeanpolicylevel,thereisagrowinginterestincreatingincentivesforreformingE&Tsystemssoastomakethemmoreresponsivetofuturelabourmarketneedsandshorttermadverselabourmarketconditions.OneofthemainchallengesisfindingvalidmeasuresforevaluatingthecontributionofE&Tsystemstoemployability,ta

3、kingintoaccounttheirdiversitywithintheEuropeanUnion.Thispaperpresentsanoperationalframeworkofanalysisforemployabilityanddiscussessomeofthemostimportantchallengesrelatedtothemultidimensionalnatureoftheemployabilityconcept,thelackofdataforcross-countrycomparisonandthedifficultyofdisentanglingtherol

4、eofeducationandtrainingsystemsfromotherfactorsinevaluatinglabourmarketoutcomes.Keywords:Employability,EuropeanEducationandTrainingSystems,younggraduates,school-to-worktransition.1IntroductionEmployabilityisthetargetofseveralEuropeanpoliciese.g.,theMobilityandLifelongLearninginitiatives1aswellasth

5、eCopenhagenProcess(onVocationalEducationandTraining,VET).Theyincludeforinstanceinitiativesformutualrecognitionofqualifications,diplomasandstudyabroadperiods.WithintheBolognaProcess,enhancingemployabilityhasbeenoneofthemaingoalstobeachievedwiththecreationoftheEuropeanHigherEducationAreaasstatedint

6、heBolognaProcess2007LondonCommuniqué.AspecialBolognaFollow-upWorkingGrouponEmployabilitywassetupin2007.Theimportanceofemploymentwasstrengthenedinthere-launchoftheLisbonagenda,highlightingthecontributionofeducation.PoliciesrelatedtoFlexicurity(EuropeanCommission,2007)andtheSocialinclusionprocess,h

7、avealsopaidspecialattentiontoemployability.Withintheframeworkofthe2008NewSkillsforNewJobsstrategy,theCouncilConclusionsemphasizetheroleofeducationandtrainingforpromotingemployabilityandunderlinetheimportanceofmatchingi