材料科学专业词汇

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1、专业词汇钢steel钢种，钢号gradeofsteel铁屑scrapiron杂质impurity炉渣slag生铁pigiron平炉openhearthfurnace转炉basicoxygenfurnace,oxygenconverter,converter高炉blastfurnace电炉electricfurnace冲天炉cupola高级碳素钢highgradecarbonsteel普通碳素钢plaincarbonsteel合金钢alloysteel特殊钢，特种钢specialsteel不锈钢stainlesssteel铸锭ingot模具die,

2、mould凝固solidify(v),solidification(n)轧制roll精加工finefinishing成分component,composition,constituent,ingredient碳carbon石墨graphite精炼refine熔化melt添加剂additive,addition铸造cast,foundry锻压forge焊接weld热处理heattreatment退火annealing正火normalizing淬火quench回火tempering沸腾钢rimmedsteel镇静钢killedsteel半镇静钢sem

3、ikilledsteel晶体crystal晶粒grain粗晶coarsegrain细晶finegrain非金属夹杂nonmetallicinclusion氧化物夹杂oxideinclusion疲劳极限endurancelimit疲劳寿命fatiguelife真空vacuum氧oxygen氢hydrogen铸铁castiron力学性能mechanicalproperty物理性能physicalproperty强度strength硬度hardness塑性ductility韧性toughness缺口韧性notchtoughness断裂韧性fractur

4、etoughness各向异性的anisotropic各向同性的isotropic惰性气体inertgas压力容器pressurevessel有色金属nonferrousmetal黑色金属ferrousmetal喷丸处理shotblasting碳钢carbonsteel低碳钢lowcarbonsteel中碳钢mediumcarbonsteel高碳钢highcarbonsteel弹簧spring元素element高速工具钢，高速钢highspeedtoolsteel,highspeedsteel热作模具钢hotworkdiesteel冷作模具钢col

5、dworkdiesteel表面surface界面interface晶界grainboundary表面光洁度surfacefinish磨光grinding抛光polishing磨损wear脆性brittleness白铁whiteiron灰铁grayiron可锻铸铁malleableiron球墨铸铁nodulariron抗拉强度tensilestrength抗弯强度bendingstrength抗压强度compressivestrength抗扭强度torsionalstrength抗剪强度shearstrength疲劳强度fatiguestrengt

6、h冲击强度impactstrength应力stress应变strain弹性elasticity弹性极限elasticlimit弹性模量modulusofelasticity压力compression张力tension交变应力alternatingstress最大抗拉应力ultimatetensilestress屈服应力yieldstress伸长率percentageelongation结构敏感性structuresensitiveproperty压痕indentation压头indenter低温性能cryogenicproperty高温性能pyr

7、ogenicproperty晶体结构crystalstructure体心立方bodycenteredcubic面心立方facecenteredcubic密排六方hexagonalclosestpacking晶态crystallinestate非晶态noncrystallinestate,amorphousstate电子electron原子核nucleus原子atom分子molecule离子ion晶体点阵crystallattice显微镜microscope光学显微镜opticalmicroscope扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronm

8、icroscope透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope高分辨率透射电子显微镜highresolut