材料科学基础专业词汇.doc

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1、材料科学基础专业词汇:第一章晶体结构原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子数Atomicnumber原子量Atomicweight波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel键能Bondingenergy库仑力Coulombicforce共价键Covalentbond分子的构型molecularconfiguration电子构型electronicconfiguration负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive基态Groundstate氢键Hydrogenbond离子键Ionicbond同位素Iso

2、tope金属键Metallicbond摩尔Mole分子Molecule泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple元素周期表Periodictable原子atom分子molecule分子量moleculeweight量子数quantumnumber价电子valenceelectron极性分子Polarmolecule范德华键vanderwaalsbond电子轨道electronorbitals点群pointgroup对称要素symmetryelements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomicpackingfacto

3、r(APF)体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)布拉格定律bragg’slaw配位数coordinationnumber晶体结构crystalstructure晶系crystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)林规则Pauling’srulesNaCl鲍型

4、结构NaCl-typestructureCsCl闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure型结构CaesiumChloridestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure萤石型结构Fluoritestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates岛状结构Islandstructure层状结构Layerstructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure链状结构Chainstruct

5、ure架状结构Frameworkstructure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格参数latticeparameters密勒指数millerindices非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal晶胞unitcell电位electronstates(化合)价valence电子elec

6、trons共价键covalentbonding金属键metallicbonding离子键Ionicbonding极性分子polarmolecules衍射角diffractionangle原子面密度atomicplanardensity合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)重量百分数weightpercent扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)四

7、方的tetragonal单斜的monoclinic配位数coordinationnumber材料科学基础专业词汇:第二章晶体结构缺陷缺陷defect,imperfection点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷linedefect,dislocation面缺陷interfacedefect体缺陷volumedefect位错排列dislocationarrangement位错线dislocationline刃位错edgedislocation螺位错screwdislocation混合位错mixeddislocation晶界grainboundarie

8、s大角度晶界high-anglegrainboundaries小角度晶界tiltboundary,孪晶界twinboundaries位错