材料科学基础专业词汇

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1、第一章晶体结构六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)(HCP)原子数Atomicnumber鲍林规则Pauling’srules原子量AtomicweightNaCl型结构NaCl－typestructure波尔原子模型BohratomicmodelCsCl型结构CaesiumChloridestructure键能Bondingenergy闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure库仑力Coulombicforce纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure共价键Coval

2、entbond金红石型结构Rutilestructure分子的构型molecularconfiguration萤石型结构Fluoritestructure电子构型electronicconfiguration钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure负电的Electronegative尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestructure正电的Electropositive硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates基态Groundstate岛状结构Islandstructure氢键Hydrogenbond链状结构Chains

3、tructure离子键Ionicbond层状结构Layerstructure同位素Isotope架状结构Frameworkstructure金属键Metallicbond滑石talc摩尔Mole叶蜡石pyrophyllite分子Molecule高岭石kaolinite泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple石英quartz元素周期表Periodictable长石feldspar原子atom美橄榄石forsterite分子molecule各向同性的isotropic分子量moleculeweight各向异性的anisotropy极

4、性分子Polarmolecule晶格lattice量子数quantumnumber晶格参数latticeparameters价电子valenceelectron密勒指数millerindices范德华键vanderwaalsbond非结晶的noncrystalline电子轨道electronorbitals多晶的polycrystalline点群pointgroup多晶形polymorphism对称要素symmetryelements单晶singlecrystal各向异性anisotropy晶胞unitcell原子堆积因数atomicpacking

5、factor(APF)电位electronstates体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)(化合)价valence面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)电子electrons布拉格定律bragg’slaw共价键covalentbonding配位数coordinationnumber金属键metallicbonding晶体结构crystalstructure离子键Ionicbonding晶系crystalsystem极性分子polarmolecules晶体的crystalline原子面密度atomicplan

6、ardensity衍射diffraction衍射角diffractionangle中子衍射neutrondiffraction合金alloy电子衍射electrondiffraction粒度,晶粒大小grainsize晶界grainboundary显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph错位原子misplacedatoms扫描电子显微镜scanningelectron缔合中心AssociatedCenters.microscope(SEM)自由电子FreeElectrons透射电子显微镜transmissionel

7、ectron电子空穴ElectronHolesmicroscope(TEM)伯格斯矢量Burgers重量百分数weightpercent克罗各-明克符号KrogerVinknotation四方的tetragonal中性原子neutralatom单斜的monoclinic配位数coordinationnumber第三章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体固溶体solidsolution第二章晶体结构缺陷固溶度solidsolubility缺陷defect,imperfection化合物compound点缺陷pointdefect间隙固溶体interstitialso

8、lidsolution线缺陷linedefect,dislocation置换固溶体substitutionalsolids