埃克森公司的应对方案-数模案例

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1、案例分析报告课程名称数据、模型与决策案例名称埃克森公司的应对方案Case2：Exxon’sResponsetotheRegulationsAsaresultofseveralmajorstudiesconductedbytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,thefederalgovernmenthasissuedregulationsmandatingagradualphaseoutoftetraethyllead(TEL)forgasolinesoldintheUnitedStates.Separatelegislationdev

2、elopedbythestateofCaliforniaprovidedevenstifferlimitsfortheTELcontentofgasoline.ForyearsrefinershadusedTELasanadditiontogasolineasacheapandconvenientwaytoimprovetheoctaneratingofthegasoline,thusreducingthepotentialforharmtomotorvehicleengines.IntheabsenceofTEL,arefinerymustreprocesss

3、omeofthelow-octanecomponentsofgasolinetoincreasetheiroctaneratings.Thiscanbeaccomplishedeitherbybreakingapartthehydrocarbonchains,throughprocessesknowninthetradeas“catcracking”or“hydrocracking,”orbyrearrangingthebondinginthechainsthroughprocessescalledreformingoralkylation.Allfourpro

4、cessesareverycostlyandefficientbutprovidemorevariabilityinresultsthanthesimpleadditionofTELtoimprovetheoctaneratingofablend.FacedwiththedualimpactoffederalregulationsonTELandthemorestringentCalifornialimits,officialsatExxon’sBenicia,California,refineryinitiatedacrashprogramtodetermin

5、ethemostefficientmeansofaddressingthenewrequirements.ExperimentswereundertakenusingeachofthefourknownmethodsofincreasingoctaneratingswithoutexceedingmandatedlimitsontheuseofTEL.IntheirstudygasolinefromExxon’sBeniciarefinerywasreprocessedinawaysuchthatcostswereequalizedbyusingeachexpe

6、rimentalprocedure.Thedatainthetableshowtheoctaneratingsresultingfromtheapplicationofthefourreprocessingprocedurestogasolinederivedfromeachofeightstoragetanks.OctaneRatingWhenReprocessingbyStorageTankCatCrackingHydrocrackingReformingAlkylation189.488.695.589.6288.391.394.090.2387.288.

7、286.790.0489.889.087.588.9590.188.990.790.2687.788.894.892.5784.686.087.387.1888.389.191.592.01.Dothesedatasuggestthatadifferenceexistsintheabilityofthefourreprocessingprocedurestoincreaseoctaneratings?2.Doesadifferenceexistbetweentheoctaneefficiencyofprocessesthatbreakapartthehydroc

8、arbonchains(