基础物理词汇(英文版)

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1、物理必备英文单词运动力学：力force重力gravity摩擦力friction拉力traction质量mass加速度acceleration力矩torque静止atrest相对relative能量energy动能keneticenergy势能potentialenergy功work动量momentum角动量angularmomentum能量守恒energyconservation保守力conservedforce振动vibration振幅amplitude波wave驻波standingwave震荡oscillation相干波coherentwave干涉inte

2、rference衍射diffraction轨道obital速度velocity速率speed大小magnatitude方向direction水平horizental竖直vertical相互垂直perpendicular坐标coordinate直角坐标系cersiancoordinatesystem极坐标系polarcoordinatesystem弹簧spring球体sphere环loop盘型disc圆柱形cylinder机械振动mechanicalvibration简谐振动simpleharmonicoscillation振幅amplitude周期period

3、频率ferquency赫兹hertz单摆simplependulum受迫振动forcedvibration共振resonnance机械波mechanicalwave介质medium横波transversewave纵波longitudinalwave波长wavelength超声波supersonicwave光学：光light光程opticalpath光强度lightintensity偏振polarization波长wavelength传播propagation光线lightray平行光parallellight实象realimage虚象virtualimage折

4、射refaction入射角incidentangle反射角reflectionangle折射角diffractionangle折射率diffractionindex全反射totalreflection临界角criticalangle光导纤维opticalfiber棱镜prism色散dispersion光谱spectrum波的衍射diffractionofwave波的干涉interferenceofwaves红外线infraredray紫外线ultravioletrayX射线X-ray电磁波谱electromagneticeffect光电效应photoelect

5、riceffect光子photon普朗克常数Planckconstant波粒二象性wave-particleduality概率波probabilitywave物质波matterwave激光laser电磁学：电子electron电荷charge电流current电场electricfield电通量electricflux电势electircpotential导体conductor电介质dieletric绝缘体insultalor电阻resistor电阻率resistivity电容capacitor无穷infinite横截面crossection匀强电场unifo

6、rmelectricfield分布ditribution磁场magneticfield磁通量magneticflux电感inductance变压器transformer频率frequency周期period电磁波electomagneticwave平面plane电荷electriccharge电荷量queantitydfelectricity正电荷positivecharg负电荷negativecharg库仑定律Coulomblaw静电感应electrostaticinduction感应电荷inducdecharge元电荷elementarycharge电荷守

7、恒定律lawofconservationofcharge库仑（电荷单位）coulomb电场electricfileld电场强度electricfieldstrength电场线electricpotential电势electricpotential电势差/电压electricpotentialdifference伏特volt电容capacitance电容器capacitor法拉（电容单位）farad电流electriccurrent安培（电流单位）ampere电阻resistance欧姆（电阻单位）ohm电动势electormotiveforce(e.m.f.)

8、半导体semiconductor超导体