基础物理词汇

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1、物理力force重力gravity摩擦力friction拉力traction质虽：mass惯量Interia加速度acceleration力矩torque静止atrest相对relative能量energy动能keneticenergy势能potentialenergy功work动最momentum角动量angularmomentum能量守恒energyconservation保守力conservedforce振动vibration振幅amplitude波wave驻波standingwave震荡oscillation相干波coherentwav

2、e干涉interferenee衍射diffraction轨道obitai速度velocity速率speed大小magmUitude力•向direction水平horizental竖直vertical相互垂直perpendicular坐标coordinate直角朋标系cersiancoordinatesystem极坐标系polarcoordinatesystem弹簧spring球体sphere环loop盘型disc圆柱形cylinder电学磁学：电子electron电荷charge电流current电场electricfield电通量electr

3、icflux电势electivepotential导体conductor电介质dieletric绝缘体insultalor电阻resistor电阻率resistivity电容capacitor无穷infinite横截面crossection匀强电场uniformelectricfield分布ditribution磁场magneticfield磁通量magneticflux电感inductanee变压器transformer频率frequency周期period电磁波electomagneticwave平面plane热学：热平衡thermaleq

4、uilibrium理想气体idealgas热能thermalenergy热量heat热容heatcapacity夕卜界surrounding准静态过程quasi-staticprocess这几个比较容易搞混我就经常搞混等体过程isochoricprocess等压过程isobaricprocess等温过程isothermalprocess绝热过程adiabaticprocess循环cycle光学光light光程opticalpath光强度lightintensity偏振polarization波长wavelength传播propagation量子

5、力学（高屮好像讲了一点点）原了atomic光了photon光电效应photoelectriceffect物质波matterwave光谱spectrum激光laser衰减decay辐射radiation械振动mechanicalvibration简谐振动simpleharmonicosci1lation振幅amplitude周期period频率ferquency赫兹hertz单摆simplependulum受迫振动forcedvibration共振resonnanee机械波mechanicalwave介质medium横波transversewav

6、e纵波longitudirmlwave波长wavelength超声波supersonicwave阿伏加徳罗常数Avogadroconstant布朗运动Brownmation热运动thermalmotion热力学能thermalenergy内能internalenergy热力学第一定律firstlawofthermodynamics能量守恒定律lawofconservationofenergy热力学笫二定律secondlawofthermodynamics各向同性isotropy各向界性anisotropy单晶体singlecrystal（mon

7、ocrystal）多晶体ploycrystal表面张力surfacetension毛细现象cap订larity液晶liquidcrystal电荷electriccharge电荷最queantitydfelectricity正电荷positivecharg负电荷negativecharg库仑定律Coulomblaw静电感应electrostaticinduction感应电荷induedecharge元电荷elementarycharge电荷守恒定律lawofconservationofcharge库仑（电荷单位）coulomb电场electric

8、f订eld电场强度electricfieldstrength电场线electricpotential电势electricpotential电势差/电压