动机理论和激励方法

动机理论和激励方法

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时间:2018-05-16

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1、原文:MotivationalTheoriesandIncentivesApproachesRaiSumitaRewardSystem:TheObjectiveMotivatingFactorMotivationaltheoricscanalsobeconceptualisedintotheviewsofthreedifferentschools:physiological,cognitiveandbehavioural.Itisobviousthatnoneofthesetheoriesprovidesacompletea

2、nswer.Somefocussolelyonmonetaryaspects,andothersontherelationshipaspect.Thephysiologicalschoolofthoughtholdsthatallbehaviourisdeterminedbyphysiologicalneeds;cognitivetheoristsassumethattheemployee’sbehaviourisentirelybasedonrationalthoughtprocesses;andbehaviourists

3、assumethatcertainbehaviourscanbeselectivelyreinforcedthroughreward,andothersdiscouraged.Tosumup,wemaysaythatthelinkbetweenperformanceandmotivationstartedwiththenotionthatfinancialrewardsdohelpimproveperformance,butthiswaslaterdevelopedtoincludeanumberofnon-financia

4、lfactors.Atpresentnoneofthetheoriescanadequatelydescribethelinkbetweenthetwo.However,thecontextualapproachappearstobeabetteroptiontodefinetherelationship,asitfocusesonbothfinancialandnon-financialrewardandthecomponentofsignificantenvironment,andintegratesthenotiono

5、findividual’sselfwithhis/hercontext.Heretheexternalcontextincludesthenatureoftask,kindofrewardetc.,whiletheinternalcontextincludestheneedandvaluesystemofanindividualand,attheorganisationallevel,theculture.Thepowerofcontextovermotivationisanimportantareaofstudy.Thed

6、efinitionofrewardandthestructureoftherewardsystemhaveundergonemanychangesinthelasttwodecades.Intoday’sbusinessenvironmentthewordrewardcoversabroadrangeinvolvingallaspectsoffixedpayandotheremployeebenefitsincludingbonuses,pensionschemes,basecompensation,holidays,sic

7、kpay,medicalbenefits,lowinterestloans,cars,stockoptions,andcash.Asmentionedearlier,themainemphasisinthisstudyisonincentiveschemes,especiallythefinancialaspect.11WhatMotivatesanEmployee?Howcanwegetworkerstobemoreproductive?Managementexpertshavetriedtoanswerthisquest

8、ionforseveralyears.Intheearlypartofthe20thCentury,employeeswereconsideredjustanotherinputintheproductionofgoodsandservices,butthisviewunderwentad

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