外文翻译---关于油轮事故处理的安全事件法

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1、附录Ⅱ外文翻译DevelopingaSafetyCaseApproachfortheTreatmentofTankerIncidentsAbstractInthispaperweexaminenewmethodsforinvestigatingandevaluatingmarineaccidentsattheinternationalevel.Themainfeatureistheassessmentofrisksbecauseshipsafetyregulationshavesofarfailedtoaddre

2、sstheriskscausedbyships.Indecision-makingprocesscriteriamaybeusedtodeterminewhetherrisksareacceptableortolerable.TheSafetyCaseApproachisarisk-managementmethodologythatmayassistshipoperatorstoreduceriskstoaslowasreasonablypracticable.Itdoesnotrefertoprescripti

3、verulesandregulationsbutratherusesthegoal-settingprinciple.Sofar,ithasbeenappliedtohigh-speedcraftsinordertoprovidehighlevelsofsafetyforthesafeandefficientoperationofthesevessels.Wefocusonthetankerindustryandparticularlyonincidentscausedbyfireorexplosionbecau

4、setheyinvolvehighrisksofenvironmentaldamageandlossoflives.Keywords:Tankerincidents,risk-basedtechniques,newrule-makingculture,safetycaseapproach1.IntroductionIthasbeenacknowledged,basedonpastexperience,thataccidentinvestigationsinthemaritimefieldarenotaneasyt

5、ask.Partiesinvolved,namelyshipowners,underwriters,cargoownersandflagstateauthoritiesseemedreluctantorwereunabletoreleaseinformationwithrespecttomarineaccidentsornear-misssituations,themainreasonbeingthefuturelegalimplicationsparticularlywhennegligenceorliabil

6、ityarises.Nofurtherimprovementhasbeenmadeoverthelastyearsdespitethefactthatmostresearchworkisconductedtosolelyidentifythecausesofcasualtiesratherthantoapportionliabilities.Ithasbeennotedthat,Intertanko(1998)theintemationallegalframeworkforshippingisdirectedmo

7、stlyathandlingclaimsthanthepreventingofaccidents.ThissituationgraduallychangeswiththeadoptionofnewsafetycultureandqualitymanagementtechniquesmostlyexpressedthroughtheInternationalSafetyManagement(ISM)Codewhichrequiresshippingcompaniestooperateon-boardasafety-

8、relatedincidentreportingsystemincludingeventsthatdidnotoccur.However,inpracticeitwouldnotbedifficulttodeveloppoliciesandproceduresaccordingtotheISMCodebutrathertoimplementtheSafetyManagem