欧文每周课文重要点

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1、第一章P181)Comedyflourishedinthe5thcenturyB.C.2)Aristophanes阿里斯托芬wasthebestrepresentativeoftheGreekComedy.3)Aristophanes’playsarelooseinplotandsatiricalintone.(批评了Socrates苏格拉底inClouds;Euripides欧里庇得斯(希腊的悲剧诗人)inFrogs)4)Aristophaneswrotemainlyaboutnature.5)AristophanesgreatlyinfluencedtheLakepoets

2、intheEnglishromanticism.6)(一句话)whatwasthelanguagestyleofAristophanes?Coarse粗糙的language7)SwiftsaysofAristophanes:asforcomicAristophanes,Thedogtoowittyandtooprofaneis.HistoryP18-19HistoricalwritingstartedearlyinGreece.(所谓的历史这里指的是世界历史)1)Herodotus（希腊的历史学家）希罗多德iscalled“FatherofHistory”.(Herodotus

3、’historicalposition)2)HerodotuswroteaboutwarsbetweenGreeksandPersians.（希波战争）隶属于Peloponnesianwars伯罗奔尼撒战争史。3)warsbetweenGreeksandPersians中的主要战役①Marathon②Thermopylae温泉关。4)Herodotuswroteaboutmanytraditionalstories,whichwerenotalwaysaccurate.Thucydides修西得底斯1)Thucydideswroteaboutwarsbetween①Athens

4、andSparta②AthensandSyracuse(aGreekstateontheislandofSicily.(这些战役也隶属于Peloponnesianwars)2)简答：WhatarethemajordifferencesbetweenHerodotusandThucydidesashistorians?①ThucydidesismoreaccuratethanHerodotusashistorians②Thucydidestracedeventstotheircauseandbroughtabouttheireffects.3)Thucydides’histori

5、calposition:“thegreatesthistorianthateverlived”同时代最伟大的历史学家（Macaulay麦考利的评价）。Philosophyandscience☆HowdidGreekphilosophyoriginateanddevelopintheAncientGreece?Stageone:threefounders⑴Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯三大思想：a)Allthingswerenumbers一句话b)Pythagoraswasthefounderofscientificmathematics科学数学论c)Pythagorasputf

6、orwardsthefirsttheoryofproportion黄金分割⑵Heracleitue赫拉克利特思想：a)Fireistheprimaryelementoftheuniverse火是万物之源b)Allisflux(流动)，nothingisstationary.c)Heracleitueheldthetheoryofminglingofopposites矛盾统一原理andbelievedthatitwasthestrifebetweentheoppositesthatproducedharmony(一句话：AccordingtoHeracleituewhatprod

7、ucedharmony?)(minglingofoppositesgreatlyinfluencedBlake布莱克inpro-Romanticism)⑶Democritus德谟克利特思想：a)Democritusspeculatedabouttheatomicstructureofmatter物质的原子结构b)Democrituswasthefirsttosetuptheatomictheory.c)Democrituswascategorizedintophilosophicalmate