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《权力下放（decentralization ）和基础构建（ infrastructure- ）： 原理与实践 》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、权力下放（Decentralization）和基础构建（Infrastructure:）：原理与实践----国际商务管理论文-->本文为收费论文，只显示abstract和Introduction部分，全文请从附件下载。Abstract摘要本文回顾了以基础设施为保障的低收入国家地方政府责任下放的理论和实践的相关问题。本文的重点不是管理问题，而是构建问题。根据大量的证据表明，随着效率理论进行操作会导致权利下放，但与此同时也有很多的证据表明，在理论和实践中往往分歧很大。Thispaperrevieentsinloanagementissues.
2、Thereisplentyofevidencethatfolloenttellsusthat,undertherightcircumstances,certainservices,includingtheinfrastructureneededtoprovidethem,canbemoreefficientlyprovidedbysubnationalgovernments.Atleastinindustrialcountries,infrastructureinvestmentisdecentralizedtoasignificante
3、xtent(EstacheandSinha1995).InOECDcountries,evensuchbigprojectsasportsandairportsareoftenlocallymanagedandfunded(BelandFageda2009).IntheEuropeanUnion,forexample,theshareofsubnationalinvestmentineconomicinfrastructureis60-70percentintheoldermemberstatesand40percentintheneem
4、berstates;subnationalsharesinsocialinvestments(e.g.,inschoolsandhospitals)areevenhigher(Kappeleretal.2012).2.Inloiddleinecountries,economictheoryprovideslessguidancetobestpractice.Thisismostlybecausetheassumptionsbeneaththedecentralizationmodeldonotfitthedevelopingcountry
5、settingaswell.Theresultisagreatdealofvariationintheextenttowhichresponsibilityforinfrastructure&nbs-->p;servicedeliveryisassignedtolocalgovernments(Alm,2010).InthecountriesincludedinTable1,forinstance,theequivalentofalargeshareofsubnationaloountspentoninfrastructurebysubn
6、ationalgovernmentsinPeruisgreaterthantheamounttheyraisefromoentsareimportantinvestorsininfrastructure,hoeansobviousents,orents(orintheincentivestopolicy-makersthatliebeneaththesegovernancearrangements)provementinthedeliveryofinfrastructureservices.questionincludenotonlyth
7、estructureofsubnationalgovernmentsbutthenatureofpoliticalrepresentation,spendingandrevenuemobilizationpoyinmanagement,thedesignandimplementationofintergovernmentaltransfersystems,andtheaccountabilityofgovernmentsatalllevelstothosefortheypresumablyspeak.4.Thispaperisarevie
8、ents.Thefocusisonlocalgovernmentsratherthanprovincialorstatelevelgovernmentsinfederations,andons
