antiasthmatic drugs

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1、DrugsactingontherespiratorytractAntiasthmaticdrugsAsthmaAsthmaisachronicinflammatorydiseasecharacterizedbyepisodesofreversibleairwaysobstructionduetobronchialhyperresponsiveness;inflammationmayleadtoirreversibleobstructioninafewpatients.Aclassificationb

2、asedonseveritybeforethestartoftreatmentanddiseaseprogressionisofimportancewhendecisionshavetobemadeaboutmanagement.Itcanbedividedbyseverityintointermittent,mildpersistent,moderatepersistentandseverepersistent.Theseareusefulinthemanagementofthediseasesin

3、cetherapyhasastepwiseapproachwhichmustbediscussedwiththepatientbeforecommencingtherapy.Theleveloftherapyisincreasedastheseverityoftheasthmaincreaseswithstepping-downifcontrolissustained(seetablesontreatmentbelow).INHALATIONMedicationsforasthmacanbeadmin

4、isteredinseveraldifferentways,includinginhaled,oralandparenteral(subcutaneous,intramuscular,orintravenous).Themainadvantageofdeliveringdrugsdirectlyintotheairwaysviainhalationisthathighconcentrationscanbedeliveredmoreeffectivelyandrapidlytotheairways,an

5、dsystemicadverseeffectsavoidedorminimized.Itisimportantthatpatientsreceivecarefulinstructionintheuseofpressurized(aerosol)inhalation(usingametered-doseinhaler)toobtainoptimumresults.Beforeuse,theinhalershouldbeshakenwell.Afterexhalingascompletelyaspossi

6、ble,themouthpieceoftheinhalershouldbeplacedwellintothemouthandthelipsfirmlyclosedaroundit.Thepatientshouldinhaledeeplythroughthemouthwhileactuatingtheinhaler.Afterholdingthebreathfor10secondsoraslongasiscomfortable,themouthpieceshouldberemovedandthepati

7、entshouldexhaleslowly.Itisimportanttocheckthatpatientscontinuetousetheirinhalerscorrectlyasinadequatetechniquemaybemistakenfordrugfailure.Spacingdevicesprovideaspacebetweentheinhalerandthemouth.Theymaybeofbenefitforpatientssuchastheelderly,smallchildren

8、andtheasthmaticwhofindinhalersdifficulttouseorforthosewhohavedifficultysynchronizingtheirbreathingwithadministrationoftheaerosol.Alargevolumespacingdeviceisalsorecommendedforinhalationofhighdosesofcorticosteroidstoreduceoropharyn