单证严格相符原则

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1、单证严格相符原则福建天衡联合律师事务所甘建明傅育生摘要：信用证在国际贸易中被广泛的使用，它是一种付款的安排，是国际贸易中主要的支付方式。近年来随着国际贸易的发展，涉及信用证的诉讼也逐渐增多，这就引起人们对有关信用证法律的关注。本文主要讨论信用证“严格相符”原则，对信用证“严格相符”原则的涵义、适用规则及其例外原则作了论述。由于世界各国很少有国家有关于信用证的成文法，所以研究信用证就必须研究判例法，本文分析讨论了许多著名的判例，并结合《UCP500》中关于信用证严格相符原则的规定，试图对信用证“严格相符”原则做出更深刻地论述。关键词：

2、严格相符文字上的相符实质相符镜像原则“理性审单员”标准Abstract：LetterofCreditisoneofthecommonestwaysduringthecourseofinternationaltradesettlement.Itusesthebankcredittotakeplacethebusinesscredit,anddecreasestheriskininternationaltrade.Strictcomplianceisafundamentalrulepeculiartothesystemoflettero

3、fcredit.Thisarticleanalysesthesubstantivecomponentandtheproceduralcomponenttobefollowedintheapplicationofthestrictcompliancestandard.Italsoexaminesthesetwocomponentsbasedonsomewell-knowncase.Thus,itwillbeofreferencevalueforjudicialpractice.KeyWords：StrictcomplianceLite

4、ralcomplianceSubstantialcomplianceMirrorimageruleReasonabledocumentcheckerstandard目录No.42,GuanriRoad,SoftwarePark,Xiamen,Fujian361009福建省厦门市软件园（二期）观日路42号邮编3610091一、严格相符原则„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„1二、严格相符原则的原因„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„2三、严格相符原则的适用规则„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„3

5、1、文字上的相符„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„32、镜像原则„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„43、实质相符„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„44、UCP500(Article37c&39)允许的不符„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„55、“理性审单员”标准„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„6四、单证不符的情况及例外„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„81、欺诈„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„82、单据不符

6、的放弃„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„93、有保留的付款„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„9五、总结„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„10一、“严格相符”原则（Doctrineofstrictcompliance）信用证是一种有条件的银行付款承诺，是银行（开证行）应买方（开证申请人）的要求和指示开给卖方（受益人）的书面保证书，只要受益人在规定期限内向银行出示与信用证条款相符的单据，银行保证向受益人人支付相应的款项或保证承兑或议付。信用证是单据交易，银行只关心单据不关心

7、基础交易，信用证开立后，银行在议付、承兑以及付款等一系列过程中，始终须认真审核单据，只有在单证相符的情况下才会使信用证支付方式顺利进行并得以实现，这是信用证实务和法律机制的一个基石。因此，银行如何审核单据成为信用证支付中关键的一环，是银行是否支付货款的前提。对于这个问题国际商会《跟单信用证统一惯例》和美国《统一商法典》及各国判例均将“严格相符”确定为银行审核单据的一项基本原则。所谓严格相符原则，是指信用证受益人请求银行依信用证付款时，所提交的单据从表面上看必须严格符合信用证要求，银行才予以付款；否则，银行有权拒付。我国银行界常说的“

8、单证一致，单单相符”即是指单据与信用证之间以及单据之间都要严格相符。根据这一原则，受益人提交的单据必须在表面上符合信用证条款，单据之间亦应互相一致，否则银行有权拒绝接受受益人提交的单据，并拒绝付款、承兑、议付；付款、承兑和议付行不得接