domestic violence is a serious public health problem that affects

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1、Domesticviolenceandmaternal,infant,andreproductivehealth:AcriticalreviewoftheliteratureChristinaC.Pallitto,Ph.D.SubmittedtothePanAmericanHealthOrganizationWashington,DCJuly200443TABLEOFCONTENTSINTRODUCTION2MAGNITUDEOFTHEPROBLEM2ADVERSEOUTCOMESASSOCIATEDWITHDOMESTICVIOL

2、ENCE3Methodologicalissues3Maternalandinfanthealth4Lowbirthweight(LBW)4Intrauterinegrowthrestriction7Pretermlabor8Fetalorinfantdeath10Otherpregnancycomplications10Reproductiveandphysicalhealth11Gynecologicalandsexualhealth11HIV/AIDSandSTDs13MECHANISMSTHROUGHWHICHABUSELE

3、ADSTOADVERSEMATERNALANDINFANTHEALTHOUTCOMES14Traumaresultingininjuryorhomicide15Traumaresultingininjury15Traumaresultinginhomicide15Stress-relatedbehavioralandphysiologicalresponses17Physiologicalhypothalamic-pituitaryresponsetostress17Increasedalcohol,tobacco,ordrugus

4、e18Depression18Malecontrolaffectingsexualandreproductivedecision-making19Lackofmedicalcareandprenatalcare19Sexualdecision-making20Lackoffertilitycontrol21RECOMMENDATIONSFORFUTURERESEARCH22CONCLUSION25REFERENCES27APPENDIX34Table1:StudiesexploringrelationshipbetweenDVand

5、adversepregnancyoutcomes34Table2:StudiesexploringrelationshipbetweenDVandotherreproductiveoutcomes4043IntroductionDomesticviolenceisaseriouspublichealthproblemthataffectsthehealthandwell-beingofmillionsofwomenandfamiliesthroughouttheworld.Whiletheriskfactorsvaryacrossc

6、ultures,similarconsequenceshavebeenobservedglobally,rangingfrompsychologicalsequelaetodeath.Furthermore,domesticviolenceduringoraroundthetimeofpregnancycanleadtouniquerisksformaternal,perinatalandchildhealth.Alimitedbodyofliteraturehasdocumentedsomeoftheadverseoutcomes

7、associatedwithdomesticviolence,however,moreresearchisneededtoestablishthevalidityoftherelationshipinabroaderrangeofsettingsandtogainabetterunderstandingofthemechanismsthroughwhichabuseadverselyaffectswomen’sandinfants’health.Thepurposeofthisdocumentistosummarizetheexis

8、tingresearchexploringtheassociationbetweendomesticviolenceandhealthproblems,focusingmainlyonmaternalandinfanthealth,b