usage-based models of language

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1、Usage-basedmodelsoflanguageEditedbyMichaelBarlowandSuzanneKemmerStanford,Calif.:CSLIPublications,2000.Pp.384.cloth$64.95,paper$22.95.ISBN1-57586-219-0(cloth),1-57586-220-4(paper).ReviewedbyDouglasInglisSILInternationalUsage-basedmodelsoflanguageareth

2、eoriesthatseektogroundlanguagestructureintheactualinstancesoflanguage—theusage-event.Languagestructureemergesfromlanguageuse.Thismeansthateventhemoreabstracttheoreticalnotionspositedtodescribelanguagehaveadirectlinktotheactualutterance.Withthisemphas

3、isformodelsoflanguage,underlyingrepresentationsthatlackphoneticorlexicalcontentarenonexistent.Furthermore,creativityintheusage-eventisaccountedforasanongoingexpansionandextensionofthealreadyexistentstructuresorunits.Languagestructuresresultfromlangua

4、geuseandnovelusesshapethefuturestructureofthelinguisticsystem.Thisbookisdividedintoninesectionswithdifferentwriterseachdevelopingafocusonlanguagestructurethatdiffersinmethodologybutsharethisideaoflanguageuseandstructure.Thefirstsection,“Adynamicusage

5、-basedmodel”byRonaldLangacker,seekstohighlighthistheoryofcognitivegrammarwithemphasisontheusage-event.Langackeristhefirstpersontointroducetheterm"usage-based."Ifindcognitivegrammaranappealingtheorybecausearathereconomicalsetoflinguisticnotionswithdir

6、ectclaimstopsychologicalrealitydescribesaverywiderangeofdatafromphonemicstodiscourse.[1]Likegenerative(nonusage-based)theoriesoflanguage,usage-basedtheoriesoflanguagetaketheexplanationoflanguageacquisitionasaseriousgoal.Howisitthatachildcanacquirethe

7、grammaticalityandfacilityofalanguageinsuchashorttime?Generativetheorieshypothesizealanguage-specificfacultywithingeneralcognitionthataccountsforuniversalstructures,i.e.,principlesandparametersthatdeterminethegrammaticalityofagivenlanguage.Inthisway,w

8、hataspeakeractuallyneedstoacquireisminimalandthisformsaminimalistprogram.Ontheotherhand,usage-basedtheoriesgenerally,andCognitiveGrammarspecifically,positthatlanguagebuildsupaconventionalinventoryofunits(includingunitsthatconveygrammaticalpatterns)th