international social entrepreneurship

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1、Socialentrepreneurship:AstudyonthesourceanddiscoveryofsocialopportunitiesJavierMonllor,UniversityofIllinoisatChicago10INTRODUCTIONSocialentrepreneurshippracticehasprogressedimmenselyinthelast30years.Closeto80millionadults(Drucker1989)workfornearly2milli

2、oncitizensectororganizationsofwhich70percentwereestablishedinthelast30years(Davis2002).Therehasbeena40percentincreaseintheirnumberinthelastdecade(Johnson2000),5percentmorethannewbusinessformation(Austinetal.2006).Sensingtheneedtoeducatethisnewwaveofsoci

3、alentrepreneurs,programscateringtotheeducationofsocialentrepreneurshavebeguntoemergeinmajorandeliteuniversitiessuchasColumbia,Harvard,Yale,Dukeandothers.Thegrowthandevolutionofsocialentrepreneurshiphascreatedanewwaveofhybridorganizations,termedsocialpur

4、posebusinessventures(Hockerts2006),thatcombineaspectsofbothnon-profitandfor-profitventures.Thesehybridorganizationshaveamissiontocreatebotheconomicandsocialvalueandarethereforenolongeratoppositeendsofacontinuum.Thisinturnhasmadeitdifficultforresearchers

5、tocataloguesocialentrepreneurshipandtofindthedefiningcharacteristicsthatdifferentiateitfrombusinessentrepreneurship.Totryanddifferentiatethetwo,someresearchershavesingledoutentrepreneurialmotiveswhileothersusetheprioritythatisgiventothecreatedvalue(soci

6、aloreconomic).Opportunityrecognitioniswidelyrecognizedasacentralanddefiningaspectofentrepreneurship(ShaneandVenkataraman2000;ZahraandDess2001)andalthoughithasalsobeenacknowledgedasanimportantpartofthesocialentrepreneurshipprocess10(Deesetal.2002;Seelosa

7、ndMair2005;Thompson2002;Thompsonetal.2000)researchersinthisareahavelargelyignoredtheopportunityrecognitionprocessofsocialentrepreneurs.Embracingopportunityrecognitionopensthedoorforcross-fertilizationbetweensocialandbusinessentrepreneurshipandprovidesre

8、searcherswithadiscernibleroadmaptofollow.Somequestionsthatresearchersshouldbeaskingare:Howaresocialopportunitiescreated,howdosocialentrepreneursrecognizeopportunities,whydotheyrecognizedifferentopportunitiesfrombusinessentreprene