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1、文化词语分为文化词(culturalwords)和文化含义词(culturallyloadedwords/phrases)。文化含义词视其构成和意义特点可以分为三类:(1)切分和归类不同的文化含义词(culturallyloadedwords/phrasesduetodifferentclassification),如称谓词语;(2)联想不同的文化含义词(culturallyloadedwords/phrasesduetodifferentassociation),如猪的联想;(3)语用规范不同的文化含义词(culturallyloadedwords/phrasesduetodiffe
2、rentculturalnorms),如Wouldyouliketohavehightea?是邀请你去吃便饭。文化词的处理法:(1)全式借用(fullborrowing),如来字法语的garage,reservoir,detente9缓和)等;(2)半式借用(semi-borrowing),基本保持原状,只是拼写和发音略作改动,如senenade(小夜曲)来自法语的senerade。(3)音译(transliteration,loanwords);(4)半音译(semi-transliteration),如tongoil来自汉语的桐油;(5)仿译(loantranslation,cal
3、que),合成词或复合词可以采取按构成全部意译的办法借用。如蜜月来自honeymoon等。翻译下列句子,注意划线部分的翻译。1.有个老李带来个八九岁的小姑娘,因为没有吃的,愿意把姑娘送给人家逃个活命。二诸葛---就替小二黑收作童养媳。(LaoLibroughthisdaughterofabouteightornineyearswithhim.Toavoidstarvation,hewaswillingtogivethegirltoanybodywhowantedher.KongMingtheSecond---tookherintohishouseaslittleErhei’sfutur
4、ewife.)2.袭人握了自己的嘴,笑的说不出话来,半日才说道:“那是新娶的二奶奶。”---宝玉道:“好糊涂!你说的‘二奶奶’,到底是谁?”袭人道:“宝姑娘。”(His-renputahandtohermouthtohideherlaughter,soamusedthatshecouldnotspeak.“That’snewSecondYoungMistress.”---Pao-yucried,“Don’tbesilly!WhatSecondYoungMistressdoyoumean?”“Misspao-cai.”)3.行者道:“嫂嫂休得推辞,我再送你个点心充饥!”又把头往上一顶。那
5、罗刹心痛难禁,只在地上打滚,疼得他面黄唇白,只叫“孙叔叔饶命!”行者才收了手脚道:“你才认得叔叔么?我看牛大哥情上,且饶你性命!”(“Don’tstandonceremony,(讲究客套,客气)sister!”Monkeycontinued.“Here’ssomecaketostay(阻止,抑制,坚持)yourhunger.”Andhebutted(碰撞,抵触)withhisheadtillshefeltanexcruciating(极痛苦的)paininherchest.Sherolledontheground,herfacewaxedandherlipswhite,screamin
6、g,“Spare(饶恕,赦免)me,brother!Spareme!”AtthatMonkeystoppedlaughingherandsaid,“Sonowyourecognizeyourbrotherinlaw,eh?ForthesakeofbrotherOx,I’llspareyourlife.”)4.贾母---说:“你替我告诉他(指林黛玉)的阴灵:‘并不是我忍心不来送你,只为有了个亲疏。你是我外孙女儿,是亲的了;若于宝玉比起来,可是宝玉比你更亲些。’”(TheOldladyinstructed,“tellherspiritfromme,it’snotbecauseI’mhear
7、tlessthatI’mnotcomingtoseeyouoff,butthereissomeonecloserherewhomIhavetoseeto.Asmydaughter’sdaughteryouaredeartome;butPao-yuisclosertomeeventhanyou.”)5.凤姐道:“明儿宝玉圆了房亲家太太抱了外孙子,那时候儿不是更是笑话了么?”(His-fengsaid,“SoonPao-yuwillhavecons