外源多胺对小麦小花退化的调控机制

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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2016,42(9):13911401http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.01391外源多胺对小麦小花退化的调控机制*吕晓康温晓霞廖允成刘杨西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100摘要:小麦穗粒数与小花退化密切相关,多胺是调控小花发育的一种重要植物生长调节剂。本研究利用小麦品种(系)双大1号(大穗型)和西农538(小穗型),于小花退化阶

2、段在穗部施用腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm),分析外源多胺对小麦小花退化的影响及其与内源激素、植株碳氮的关系。结果表明,外源Spd和Spm显著抑制小花退化、提高了可孕小花数目,而Put加具有显著的负效应;并且多胺的调控具有明显的位置效应,对小穗上部弱势小花退化的调控效应显著大于下部强势小花。施用外源Spd和Spm后,弱势小花中Spd、Spm显著增加,同时玉米素+玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量及其与脱落酸(ABA)的比值也显著升高,而内源乙烯的释放速率降低,并且弱势小花中可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白质含量显著提高。外源Put对弱势小花的控调效应与此相反,施用后弱势小

3、花中Put、ABA含量以及内源ETH释放速率显著提高,而(Z+ZR)与ABA比值和可溶性总糖含量降低。因此认为,多胺参与了对小麦小花退化的调控,其对小麦小花退化的调控与内源激素、植株碳氮代谢密切相关。关键词:多胺;小麦;小花退化;激素;可溶性总糖;可溶性蛋白EffectofExogenousPolyaminesonMechanismofFloretDegenerationinWheat*LYUXiao-Kang,WENXiao-Xia,LIAOYun-Cheng,andLIUYangCollegeofAgronomy,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yan

4、gling712100,ChinaAbstract:Kernelnumberperspikehasacloserelationshipwithfloretdegenerationinwheat,whichisregulatedgreatlybypolyamines(PAs),oneofimportantplantgrowthregulators.Inthisstudy,weappliedexogenousspermine(Spm),spermidine(Spd)andputrescine(Put)totheyoungspikesofcultivarsShuangda1(

5、large-spiketype)andXinong538(small-spiketype)toinvestigatetheeffectsofPAsonfloretdegeneration,endogenoushormones,andthecarbonandnitrogenchangesinwheatfloret.TheresultsindicatedthatexogenousSpdandSpmhadsimilareffectsonfloretdegenerationwhereasexogenousPutwasinfunc-tion.Inthetreatmentswith

6、externalSpdandSpmapplied,thefloretdegenerationwasinhibitedandthenumberoffertilefloretsincreasedsignificantly.IntheexternalPuttreatment,floretdegenerationaggravatedandthefertilefloretnumberdecreasedsig-nificantly.SuchinfluencebyexternalPAswasdifferentinupperandlowerfloretsofaspikeandtheup

7、perflorets(inferiorflorets)showedgreatereffectsthanthelowerones(superiorflorets).TheconcerntrationsofendogenousSpdandSpm,zeatin(Z)+zeatinridoside(ZR),andtheratioofZ+ZR-to-abscisicacid(ABA)ininferiorfloretsincreasedafterapplyingexogenousSpdandSpm.However,theevolutionrateof