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1、Socialphobia（社会恐惧症）,arelativelyobscuredisorder,isreceivingincreasedattentionduetoevidencesuggestingthatitismoreprevalentanddebilitativethanoncethought.Thepurposeofthisarticleistohelpcounselorsbetterunderstandthenatureofandtreatmentsforthisdisorder.Effectivebehavioralandpharmacologicalapproaches
2、arereviewed,andcounselingimplicationsarediscussedtoincreasecounselors'confidenceinprovidingtreatmenttopeoplewithsocialphobia.SocialphobiaisdefinedbytheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders,fourthedition(DSM-IV;AmericanPsychiatricAssociation[APA],1994),as"amarkedandpersistentfearofsoci
3、alorperformancesituationsinwhichembarrassmentmayoccur"(p.411).RapeeandHeimberg(1997)suggestedthatsocialphobiacanbestbeunderstoodonacontinuumwhereshynessisatoneendofthespectrum(indicatingmildsocialanxiety),socialphobiaisinthemiddle(moderatesocialanxiety),andavoidantpersonalitydisorderisattheothe
4、rend(severesocialanxiety).However,theseverityofsocialphobiashouldnotbeunderestimatedbecauseevidencesuggeststhatitisprevalent(Kessleretal.,1994),oftenconsideredchronic(Davidson,Hughes,George,&Blazer,1993),andcanbedisablingtothosewhosufferfromit(Wittchen,Stein,&Kessler,1999).Approximately60%ofpeo
5、plewithsocialphobiaexperienceothertroublingdisorders,suchasdepressionandobsessive-compulsivedisorder(Schneier,Johnson,Hornig,Liebowitz,&Weissman,1992),andareatgreaterriskofexperiencingsuicidalideationandsuicideattempts(Davidsonetal.,1993).Furthermore,despitethefactthatthosewithsocialphobiarepor
6、tthatitsignificantlyinterfereswiththeirlives,lessthan20%seekprofessionalhelp(Magee,Eaton,Wittchen,McGonagle,&Kessler,1996;Wittchenetal.,1999),andonlyapproximately6%reportedhavingusedmedicationstotreattheirdisorder(Schneieretal.,1992).Thelackofinformationmadeavailabletopeoplewithsocialphobiaabou
7、ttreatmentoptionscoupledwiththeirfearofsocialinteractions,includingmakingcontactwithhelpingprofessionals,arecitedasprimaryreasonsforlowtreatmentuse.Theramificationsforthosewhomustdealwithsocialphobiaarewidespreadandpervasive.Whenc
