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1、Thefailureofdreams—ThecomparativestudyofTheGreatGatsbyandHeartofDarkness1.IntroductionJosephConradwasbornTozefTeodorKonradKorzeniowskionDecember3,1857,inthePolishUkraine.HestudiedEnglishwhenhewastwenty-oneyearsold.In1889,hebeganhisfirstnovel,Almayer’sFolly,andbeganactivelysearchi
2、ngforawaytofulfillhisboyhooddreamoftravelingtotheCongoin1890,andhisexperiencesintheCongocametoprovidetheoutlineforHeartofDarkness.HewasillwhenhewasinAfrica,thenhereturnedtoEnglandtorecover.HereturnedtoseatwicebeforefinishingAlmayer’sFollyin1894andwroteseveralotherbooks,includingo
3、neaboutMarlowcalledYouth:ANarrativebeforebeginningHeartofDarknessin1898.Conrad’sworks,HeartofDarknessinparticular,providesabridgebetweenVictorianvaluesandtheidealsofmodernism.Thesenovelsrelyontraditionalideasofheroism,whichareunderconstantattackinachangingworldandinplacesfarfromE
4、ngland.HeartofDarknesssuggeststhatthisisthenaturalresultwhenmenareallowedtooperateoutsideasocialsystemofchecksandbalances:power,especiallypoweroverotherhumanbeings,inevitablycorrupts.HeartofDarknessisanarrativeaboutthedifficultyofunderstandingtheworldbeyondtheself,abouttheability
5、ofonemantojudgeanother.Thisnovelreinforcesthenovella’scentralthemesofhypocrisy,absurdityandunrealistic.AlthoughConradandFitzgeraldlivedindifferentage,Fitzgerald’novel,TheGreatGatsbyalsoreflectedthesametheme.FitzgeraldwasborninSt.Paul,Minnesota.Hisfamilywasconsideredsociallypromin
6、entandpoor.InWorldWarI,hefellhopelesslyinlovewithZelda,abeautifulandrichgirl.In1919,Fitzgeraldwasdeterminedtowinsuccess,fame,andZelda.Hetookajobwithanadvertisingagencyandworkedonshortstories.Eventuallyhisfirstnovel,ThisSideofParadise,wasacceptedforpublication.In1922hepublisheshis
7、secondnovel,TheBeautifulandDamned,andacollectionofshortstories,TalesoftheJazzAge.In1925Fitzgerald18managedtocompleteTheGreatGatsby.Itwasacriticalsuccessbutacommercialdisappointment;itsoldonlyabouthalfasmanycopiesaseitherofhisfirsttwonovels,anditearnedlittlemorethanenoughtorepayhi
8、sdebtstohispublishers.In1934TenderIstheN
