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1、FeminisminTomJonesandJaneEyre汤姆琼斯和简爱中的女权主义I.IntroductionFeminismisbothanintellectualcommitmentandapoliticalmovementthatseeksjusticeforwomenandtheendofsexisminallforms.However,therearemanydifferentkindsoffeminism.Feministsdisagreeaboutwhatsexismconsistsin,andwhatexactlyoughtto
2、bedoneaboutit;Theydisagreeaboutwhatitmeanstobeawomanoramanandwhatsocialandpoliticalimplicationsgenderhasorshouldhave.Nonetheless,motivatedbythequestforsocialjustice,feministinquiryprovidesawiderangofperspectivesonsocial,cultural,andpoliticalphenomena.Importanttopicsforfeminis
3、ttheoryandpoliticsinclude:thebody,classandwork,disability,thefamily,globalization,humanrights,popularculture,raceandracism,reproduction,science,theself,sexwork,andsexuality.1.1 FeminismBeliefsandFeministMovementsTheterm‘feminism’hasmanydifferentusesanditsmeaningsareoftenconte
4、sted.Forexample,somewritersusetheterm‘feminism’torefertoahistoricallyspecificpoliticalmovementintheUSandEurope;Otherwritersuseittorefertothebeliefthatisinjusticesagainstwomen,thereisnoconsensusontheexactlistoftheseinjustices.Althoughtheterm‘feminism’hasahistoryinEnglishlinked
5、withwomen’sactivismfromthelate19thcenturytothepresent,itisusefultodistinguishfeministideasorbeliefsfromfeministpoliticalmovements,foreveninperiodswheretherehasbeennosignificantpoliticalactivismaroundwomen’ssubordination,individualshavebeenconcernedwithandtheorizedaboutjustice
6、forwomen.Althoughtheterm‘feminism’inEnglishisrootedinthemobilizationforwomansuffrageinEuropeandtheUSduringthelate19thandearly20thcentury,ofcourseeffortstoobtainjusticeforwomandidnotbeginorendwiththisperiodofactivism.Thereforesomehavefounditusefultothinkofthewomen’smovementint
7、heUSoccurringin“waves”.Onthewavemodel,thestruggletoachievebasicpoliticalrightsduringtheperiodfromthemid-19thcenturyuntilthepassageoftheNineteenthAmendmentin1920countsas“FirstWave”feminism.Feminismwanedbetweenthetwoworldwars,tobe“revived”inthelate1960’sand1970’sas“SecondWave”f
8、eminism.Inthissecondwave,feministspushedbeyondtheearlyquestforpoliti
