资源描述:
《赠送题(七)翻译部分》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、翻译部分PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)一、经济学史Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,exchange,andconsumptionofgo
2、odsandservices.Economistsfocusonthewayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andgovernmentsseektoachieveefficientlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.(46)Otherfieldsofstudyalsocontributetothisknowledge:Psychologyandethicstrytoexplainhowobjectivesareformed,historyrecords
3、changesinhumanobjectives,andsociologyinterpretshumanbehaviorinsocialcontexts.Standardeconomicscanbedividedintotwomajorfields.(47)Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindividualprices,wagerates,p
4、rofitmargins,andrentalchanges.Microeconomicsassumesthatpeoplebehaverationally.Consumerstrytospendtheirincomeinwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasureaspossible.Aseconomistssay,theymaximizeutility.Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseekasmuchprofitastheycanextractfromtheiroperations.Thesecon
5、dfield,macroeconomics,dealswithmodernexplanationsofnationalincomeandemployment.Macroeconomicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,andMoney(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.Hisexplanationofprosperityanddepressioncentersonthetotaloraggregatedema
6、ndforgoodsandservicesbyconsumers,businessinvestors,andgovernments,(48)Because,accordingtoKeynes,inadequatetotaldemandincreasesunemployment,theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconsequentlylargerbudgetdeficitsbygovernment.Economicissueshaveoccu
7、piedpeople’smindsthroughouttheages.(49)AristotleandPlatoinancientGreecewroteaboutproblemsofwealth,property,andtrade,bothofwhomwereprejudicedagainstcommerce,feelingthattolivebytradewasundesirable.TheRomansborrowedtheireconomicideasfromtheGreeksandshowedthesamecontemptfortra
8、de.(50)DuringtheMiddleAgestheeconomicideasoftheRomanCatholicchurchwereexpressedinthelawof