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1、Module5EthnicCulturePeriod5ReadingandVocabulary(2)■Goals●TogetsomeideaabouttheBaiethnicgroup●Todrawoutusefulinformationfromthetext■ProceduresStep1:WarmingupbyreadingapassageabouttheBaiethnicgroup.Hello,everyone,wehaveknownsomethingabouttheancienttownofLijiangandthehistory
2、oftheNaxiethnicgroup.Todaywe’llgoonwithourstudy.We’lllearnsomethingabouttheBaiethnicgroup.ArchaeologicalfindsfromCangerandHaimenkoushowthattheErhaiareawasinhabitedasearlyastheNeolithicAge,andartifactsoftheperiodindicatethatthepeopleoftheregionusedstonetools,engagedinfarmi
3、ng,livestockrearing,fishingandhunting,anddweltincaves.Possibly,theybegantousebronzeknivesandswordsandothermetaltoolsabout2,000yearsago.ThepeopleintheErhaiareadevelopedclosertieswiththeHanmajorityininlandprovincesintheQinandHandynasties.In109BCtheWesternHanDynastysetupcoun
4、tyadministrationsandmovedalargenumberofHanpeopletothisborderarea.Thesepeoplebroughtmoreadvancedproductiontechniquesandirontools,contributingtotheeconomicdevelopmentofthearea.DuringtheSuiandTangdynasties,thefarmingtherehadreachedalevelclosetothatofthecentralplains.Baiarist
5、ocratsbackedbytheTangcourtunifiedthepeopleoftheErhaiareaandestablishedtheNanzhaoregimeofYisandBais.Itsfirstchief,Piluoge,wasgrantedthetitleofKingofYunnanbyaTangemperor.Slaveswereusedtodoheavylabor;whole“free”peasantsweresubjecttoheavytaxationandforcedtorendervariousservic
6、esincludingconscriptionintothearmy.Someofthem,wholosttheirland,weremadeslaves.TheNanzhaoregimelastedfor250years.Duringthatperiodoftime,whilemaintainingagoodrelationshipwiththecentralgovernment,therulerscruellyoppressedtheslavesandmercilesslyplunderedotherethnicnationaliti
7、esthroughwarfare.Productivitywasthusseriouslyharmed.Thiscausedslaverebellionsanduprisings.Nanzhao’spowercametoanendintheyear902.Thenaregimebasedonafeudallordsystem,knownastheKingdomofDali,wasestablished.Thekingdomadoptedaseriesofmeasuressuchasabolishingexorbitanttaxesandr
8、emovingconservativeministers.Asaresult,socialproductivitywasrestored.Thekingdomlastedforover300y
