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1、现代汉语基础语法知识（BasicgrammarknowledgeinmodernChinese）BasicgrammarknowledgeinmodernChineseI.overviewofgrammaticalknowledge(I)partsofspeechChinesewordscanbedividedinto12categories.Nouns,verbs,adjectives,numerals,quantifiersandadverbs,pronounsarewords,prepositions,
2、conjunctions,Interjectionsandonomatopoeicwords,auxiliarywordsarefunctionwords.Noun:thenameofthepeopleandthingsofwords.Suchas:cucumber,cabbage,tractor,computer".Specialnamesarecalledspecialnouns,suchasYunnan,Shanghai,LiBai,BaiJuyi".Thenameofanabstractthingis
3、calledanabstractnoun,suchascategory,thought,quality,character,friendship,method".Directionsarecalled"locativenouns",suchas"upper","lower","left","right","front","later","middle","East","West","south","North","front","back","East","south","middle",andsoon.Ve
4、rb:theact,act,development,orchangeofapersonorthing.Someverbsmeangeneralactions,suchas:come,go,say,walk,run,learn,takeoff,examine,understand,etc..Someverbsexpresspsychologicalactivities,suchas"think,payattentionto,respect,understand,believe,admireandmiss",et
5、c.thefrontofsuchverbscanoftenbeadded"very,very,very."".Someverbsthatcanandarewillingtothemeaning,called"verbs",theyare"ableto,should,Ken,dare,(DEI),canandshouldbe,shouldbewillingto,can,may,must,theseverbsareoftenusedinfrontofgeneralverbs,suchas"tobeabletodo
6、,canbeconsidered,willingtolearn,shouldsay,maydevelop".Someverbsindicatethetrend,called"directionalverb",suchas"come"and"go,upanddown,inandout,upanddown,upanddown,overthepast,andtheyareoftenusedingeneralverbsthattrend,suchas"jumpup,down,up,ran"."Yes"and"yes"
7、arealsoverbs,thesameasverbs.Adjectivesdescribetheshape,style,nature,etcofathing,suchas"many,little,tall,fat,stiff,extravagant,timid,ugly."".Numeral:numeralisthewordthatexpressesthenumberofthings.Suchas"oneortwo,twoorthree,seven,ten,100,thousand,tenmillion,h
8、alf"and"half"".Quantifier:aquantifierisawordthatexpressesathingoranactionunit.Chinesequantifiersaredividedintonominalquantifiersandmomentumwords.Nounquantifiersrepresentthequantityofthings,andcanbedivi
