桥牌世界标准体系bws

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1、BridgeWorldStandardCompleteSystemBWS2001IntroductionI.DefinitionsII.GeneralUnderstandingsandDefaultsIII.Slam-BiddingMethodsIV.Partnership-BiddingMethods   A.Opening-BidRequirements   B.ChoiceofSuit   C.AfterOurPreempt   D.AfterOurTwoClubs   E.AfterOurTwo-

2、Notrump-FamilyOpening   F.AfterOurOne-NotrumpOpening   G.AfterOurMajor-SuitOpening   H.AfterOurMinor-SuitOpening   I.AfterAnySuitOne-BidV.Competitive-BiddingMethods   A.CompetitionAfterOurPreempt   B.CompetitionAfterOurTwo-ClubOpening   C.CompetitionAfter

3、OurOne-NotrumpOpening   D.CompetitionAfterOurMajor-SuitOpening   E.CompetitionAfterOurMinor-SuitOpening   F.CompetitionAfterAnySuitOne-BidVI.Defensive-BiddingMethods   A.InitialDefensive-ActionRequirements   B.AfterOurDoubleofaOne-Bid   C.AfterOurSuitOver

4、callofaOne-Bid   D.AfterOurOne-NotrumpOvercall   E.AfterWeReopenaOne-Bid   F.WhentheOpenerhasPreempted   G.AfterOurSandwich-PositionAction   H.DelayedAuctionEntryVII.BridgeWorldStandardDefenseIntroduction   BridgeWorldStandard(BWS)encapsultatescommonAmeri

5、canexpertpractices,determinedbypolls,asasetofpartnershipagreements(and,wherethereisnoconsensus,non-agreements).ItisusedasaframeworkforproblemsintheMasterSolvers’Club,byimpromptupartnerships,andasabasisfordiscussionbythosewhowishtoformulatetheirownsystem. 

6、  Wheretheexpertsareinsubstantialagreement(withclosecasesdecided,whenpossible,bythevotesofBridgeWorldreadersatlarge),thosemethodsbecomepartofthesystem.Wheretherearecompetingpopularapproaches,alternativemethods,calledleaves,arelisted.Whereonetreatmentismar

7、ked[default]andanother(orothers)[leaf],theonemarked[default]isthemostpopularinthevotingandtheonethatisassumedifpartnershaveagreedsimplytoplayBWS.Anythingmarked[leaf]isanalternativethatreceivedsufficientsupportinthepollstobeworthyoflisting;partnerscanagree

8、explicitlytoadoptanyparticularleafandstillbeusingBWS.I.Definitions   Adistributionshownwithhyphensreferstoanypatternincludingthosesuitlengths(forexample,5-4-3-1meansanyhandwithonefive-cardsuit,onefour-cardsuit,onetr