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1、2016年职称英语考试综合类阅读理解考试试题及答案 EattoLive Ameagerdietmaygiveyouhealthandlonglife,butit'snotmuchfun—anditmightnotevenbenecessary.Wemaybeabletohangontomostofthatyouthfulvigorevenifwedon'tstarttodietuntiloldage. StephenSpindlerandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityof
2、CaliforniaatRiversidehavefoundthatsomeofanelderlymouse'slivergenescanbemadetobehaveastheydidwhenthemousewasyoungsimplybylimitingitsfoodforfourweeks.Thegeneticrejuvenationwon'treverseotherdamagecausedbytimeforthemouse,butcouldhelpitslivermetabolizedrugsorge
3、tridoftoxins. Spindler'steamfedthreemiceanormaldietfortheirwholelives,andfedanotherthreeonhalf-rations.Threemoremicewereswitchedfromthenormaldiettohalf-feedforamonthwhentheywere34monthsold—equivalenttoabout70humanyears. Theresearcherscheckedtheactivityof
4、11,000genesfromthemouselivers,andfoundthat46changedwithageinthenormallyfedmice.Thechangeswereassociatedwiththingslikeinflammationandfreeradicalproduction—probablybadnewsformousehealth.Inthemicethathaddietedalltheirlives,27ofthose46genescontinuedtobehavelik
5、eyounggenes.Butthemostsurprisingfindingwasthatthemicethatonlystarteddietinginoldagealsobenefitedfrom70percentofthesegenechanges. “Thisisthefirstindicationthattheeeffectskickinprettyquickly,”saysHuberWarnerfromtheNationalInstituteonAgingnearWashington,D.C.
6、 Nooneyetknowsifcalorieworksinpeopleasitdoesinmice,busSpindlerishopeful.“There'sattractingandtemptingevidenceouttherethatitwillwork,”hesays. Ifitdoesworkinpeople,theremightbegoodreasonsforrejuvenatingtheliver.Aswegetolder,outbodiesarelesefficientatmetabo
7、lizingdrugs,forexample.Abriefperiodoftimeofdieting,saysSpindler,couldbeenoughtomakesureadrugiseffective. ButSpindlerisn'tsurethetrade-offisworthit.“Themicegetlessdisease,theylivelongerbutthey'rehungry,”hesays.“Evenseeingwhatadietdoes,it'sstillhardtogotoar
8、estaurantandsay:'Icanonlyeathalfofthat'.” Spindlerhopeswesoonwon'tneedtodietatall.Hiscompany,LifeSpanGeneticsinCalifornia,islookingfordrugsthathavetheeffectsofcalorierestriction. 1.Accordingtothepassage,whi
