浙江省杭州市源清中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中英语测Word版含解析.docx

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2022年源清中学高二年级第一学期期中测试卷英语试题第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABelowisabriefdescriptionoftheprocessinvolvedinselectingtheNobelPrizelaureates(获奖者)inphysics.September-Nomination(提名)formsaresentout.TheNobelCommitteesendsoutconfidentialformstoaround3,000people-selectedprofessorsatuniversitiesaroundtheworld,NobelPrizelaureatesinphysicsandchemistry,andmembersoftheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences,amongothers.February-Deadlineforsubmission.ThecompletednominationformsmustreachtheNobelCommitteenolaterthan31stJanuaryofthefollowingyear.TheCommitteescreensthenominationsandselectsthepreliminarycandidates.About250-350namesarenominatedasseveralnominatorsoftensubmitthesamename.March-May-Consultationwithexperts.TheNobelCommitteesendsthenamesofthepreliminary(初步的)candidatestospeciallyappointedexpertsfortheirassessmentofthecandidates’work.Jun-August-Writingofthereport.TheNobelCommitteeputstogetherthereportwithrecommendationstobesubmittedtotheAcademy.ThereportissignedbyallmembersoftheCommittee.September-Committeesubmitsrecommendations.TheNobelCommitteesubmitsitsreportwithrecommendationsonthefinalcandidatestothemembersoftheAcademy.ThereportisdiscussedattwomeetingsofthePhysicsClassoftheAcademy.October-NobelPrizelaureatesarechosen.InearlyOctober,theAcademyselectstheNobelPrizelaureatesinphysicsthroughamajorityvote.Thedecisionisfinalandwithoutappeal.ThenamesoftheNobelLaureatesarethenannounced.December-NobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirprize. TheNobelPrizeawardceremonytakesplaceon10DecemberinStockholm,wheretheNobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirNobelPrize,whichconsistsofaNobelPrizemedalanddiploma(证书),andadocumentconfirmingtheprizeamount.1.WhenshouldnominationformsbesentbacktotheNobelCommitteeinthefollowingyear?A.LaterthanMarch.B.LaterthanApril.C.EarlierthanFebruary.D.LaterthanAugust.2.WheredoestheNobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirNobelPrize?A.InStockholm.B.InNewYork.C.InCanberra.D.InLondon.3.TheNobelPrizeisNOTmadeupof_________.A.Amedal.B.Adiploma.C.Adocument.D.Asouvenir.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍对诺贝尔物理学奖获得者评选过程的简要描述。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据February-Deadlineforsubmission.部分“ThecompletednominationformsmustreachtheNobelCommitteenolaterthan31stJanuaryofthefollowingyear.(填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会。)”可知，填写好的提名表格必须在次年1月31日之前送达诺贝尔委员会，即早于二月送达诺贝尔委员会。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据December-NobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirprize.部分“TheNobelPrizeawardceremonytakesplaceon10DecemberinStockholm,wheretheNobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirNobelPrize(诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼将于12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行，诺贝尔奖获得者将在那里领取诺贝尔奖)”可知，诺贝尔奖获得者在斯德哥尔摩领取诺贝尔奖。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据December-NobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirprize.部分“theNobelPrizelaureatesreceivetheirNobelPrize,whichconsistsofaNobelPrizemedalanddiploma(证书),andadocumentconfirmingtheprizeamount.(诺贝尔奖获得者将获得他们的诺贝尔奖，其中包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件。)”可知，诺贝尔奖包括一枚诺贝尔奖奖章和证书，以及一份确认奖金金额的文件，没有纪念品。故选D。BTheUKGovernmenthasannouncedplanstobuildeightnuclearpowerreactorsaspartofitsnewenergy strategyBy2030,theGovernmentwants95%oftheUK’selectricitytocomefromlow-carbonenergysources.Carbondioxideisagreenhousegasthatisreleasedfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coal,oilandgas).Itisabigcauseofclimatechange-long-termshiftsinweatherpatterns,includingrisingtemperatures.TheGovernmentwantstoincreaserenewableenergysources,suchaswindturbinesandsolarpanels.TheGovernmenthopesthatby2030,50gigawatts(亿瓦特)ofenergywillcomefromoffshorewindfarms(onesthatstandinthesea).That’senoughtopowerallthehousesintheUK.Therearealsoplanstobuildeightnewnuclearreactors.Nuclearreactorsgenerate(产生)energythroughaprocesscallednuclearfission(裂变),whenheavyatomsaresplitintolighterones.TheGovernmentwantstomaketheUK’senergycleanerandcheaper,andfortheUKtoproduceitsownenergyratherthanrelyingonothercountries.Russia’sinvasionofUkrainehasaffectedtheworld’sgasandoilsupply,makingpowermoreexpensive.TheUKPrimeMinister,BorisJohnson,saystheplanswillleadtocleanandsecureenergymadeinBritain.Somepeoplehavesaidthattheseplansdon’tgofarenoughandwon’thelppeoplewhoarestrugglingwithhighenergybillsatthemoment.LabourPartyleaderKeirStarmerhassaidthattheGovernmentshoulddomoretoinsulatepeople’shomes.Insulatinghomesiswhenmaterialisputinsideahousetostopheatfromgettingout.Itmeanspeoplewouldneedtouselessenergytoheattheirhomes.4.Whatdoestheunderlined“It”refertointhesecondparagraph?A.Carbondioxide.B.Afossilfuel.C.Arenewableenergysource.D.Thelow-carbonenergysource.5.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.TheGovernmentwantstobemoreindependentonenergyproduction.B.Nuclearreactorsproduceenergythroughnuclearfission.C.TheUKisunwillingtoproduceitsownenergy.D.Intheprocessofnuclearfission,lighteratomsaresplitintoheavyones.6.Whatissomepeople’sattitudetowardstheenergyplan?A.Supportive.B.Unconcerned.C.Unappreciative.D.Satisfied.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CheaperEnergyintheUKB.ElectricityfromLow-carbonEnergySources C.TheUKGovernmentBuildsEightNuclearReactorsD.TheUKGovernmentLaunchesEnergyPlan【答案】4.A5.A6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国政府启用能源计划。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段“Carbondioxideisagreenhousegasthatisreleasedfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coal,oilandgas).Itisabigcauseofclimatechange-long-termshiftsinweatherpatterns,includingrisingtemperatures.(二氧化碳是燃烧化石燃料(煤、石油和天然气)时释放的一种温室气体。它是气候变化的一个重要原因——天气模式的长期变化，包括气温上升。)”分析可知，it指代的是二氧化碳，故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“TheGovernmentwantstomaketheUK’senergycleanerandcheaper,andfortheUKtoproduceitsownenergyratherthanrelyingonothercountries.(政府希望使英国的能源更清洁，更便宜，并为英国生产自己的能源，而不是依赖其他国家。)”可推断政府希望在能源生产方面更加独立。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“TheUKPrimeMinister,BorisJohnson,saystheplanswillleadtocleanandsecureenergymadeinBritain.Somepeoplehavesaidthattheseplansdon’tgofarenoughandwon’thelppeoplewhoarestrugglingwithhighenergybillsatthemoment.(英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊(BorisJohnson)表示，这些计划将导致英国制造清洁、安全的能源。一些人说，这些计划还远远不够，无法帮助那些目前正与高昂的能源账单作斗争的人们。)”可推断一些人对能源计划不赏识，故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通断全文，尤其第一段“TheUKGovernmenthasannouncedplanstobuildeightnuclearpowerreactorsaspartofitsnewenergystrategy.(英国政府宣布计划建造8座核反应堆，作为其新能源战略的一部分。)”可知文章主要讲述了英国政府启用能源计划，D项“英国政府启动能源计划”适合作文章标题。故选D。CIaccidentallyfoundatimecapsule,inpurpleandgreenfloss(丝线)inthemidstofsortingoutsomeoldthingslastmonth.Fadedandworn,itwasafriendshipbracelet(手链)—animportantpartofmyteenagesummers.Holdingitinmyhandmademethinkaboutthosepreciousmemoriesofchildhood,whichmykidswill neverknowfirsthand.Myhandiworkwasn’tbeautiful.ButwhatIrememberisthebeautyoftheoffering:slippingsomethingintoafriend’shandandknowingitwouldalwaysbewiththem.Theexperiencewasintoxicating—liketheseriousbusinessofexchangingweddingrings,itwasasymbolofanunbreakablebond.Thosebraceletsrepresentedhowmuchwemeanttoeachother,atatimewhenourfriendswerebecomingthecenterofourlives.Isleptwithmybraceletsandshoweredwiththem.Iworethemallsummerlongatcamp.AndIacquirednewbraceletsfromfriendsthere—friendswhoreceivedcarefullycraftedbraceletsfrommeinreturn,aswesaidourtearfulend-of-summergoodbyes.Ithoughthavingthemhelpedeasethepainofleavingmyfriends.ButnowIseethattheywerereallyhelpingmetoleavebehindchildhood.Mykidsdon’tgotosummercamp.Theycertainlydon’texchangeanythingasuncoolasbraceletswiththeirfriends.TheyhangoutonDiscord(一种聊天工具)inchatsthatonlypausebutneverend.OureldestsonendlesslytextsonhiscellphoneasheandhisfriendsmakeoneanothertalkingemojisandTikTokvideos.Theirrelationshipswiththeirphonesleavenotimeorspaceforwritinglettersormakingbracelets,andtheirgiftstooneanotherleavenoclearanddefinitetraces.Therewillbenoboxesofletterstosortyearsfromnownoranyhiddenbraceletstofind.Theywillhavelittletophysicallyholdonto.8.Whydoestheauthorcompareabracelettoatimecapsule?AItisfadedandworn.B.Itisshapedlikeacapsule.C.Itremindsherofherchildhood.D.Itwasmadebytheauthorherself.9.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“intoxicating”inParagraph2?A.Exciting.B.Terrible.C.Professional.D.Strange.10.Whydoestheauthorthinkherkids’childhoodisdifferentfromhers?A.Theyspendtoomuchtimeontheircellphones.B.Theymakemorefriendsatsummercamp.C.Theyareunwillingtogivebraceletstoparents.D.Theyoftensendhand-madegiftstotheirfriends.11.Whatcanbeimpliedaboutthefriendshipbracelets?A.Theyprovedtheauthor’skidshadmuchtophysicallyholdonto.B.Theygavemeaningtotheauthor’schildhoodinawayherkidswillneverknow. C.Theyrepresentedboththeauthorandherkids’unforgettablechildhood.D.Theyrecalledtheauthor’sdeepsorrowofleavingclosefriendsatsummercamp.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者发现了一条手链，让她回想起童年和朋友们交换礼物，也感叹如今手机等电子设备的出现，孩子们沉浸于虚拟世界，聊天软件，而失去了这种交流的方式。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Fadedandworn,itwasafriendshipbracelet(手链)—animportantpartofmyteenagesummers.(这是一个友谊手链，褪色了，磨损了，这是我少年时代夏天的重要组成部分。)”可知，这串手链与作者童年的夏天有着重要的联系，所以把手链与时间胶囊联系起来正是因为手链让作者想到了自己童年的夏天。故选C。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“Myhandiworkwasn’tbeautiful.ButwhatIrememberisthebeautyoftheoffering:slippingsomethingintoafriend’shandandknowingitwouldalwaysbewiththem.(我的手艺并不漂亮。但我记得的是送礼物的美妙之处：把某样东西塞到朋友手里，知道它将永远陪伴着他们。)”和后半句“liketheseriousbusinessofexchangingweddingrings,itwasasymbolofanunbreakablebond.(就像交换结婚戒指的严肃交易一样，它象征着牢不可破的纽带。)”可知，作者的手工艺品并不是很美，但是当把它送给朋友时意义变得深刻。所以这样的体验是令人兴奋的。所以intoxicating为“令人兴奋的”之意。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TheyhangoutonDiscord(一种聊天工具)inchatsthatonlypausebutneverend.OureldestsonendlesslytextsonhiscellphoneasheandhisfriendsmakeoneanothertalkingemojisandTikTokvideos.(他们在Discord上聊天，只会暂停，不会结束。我们的大儿子不停地在手机上发短信，他和朋友们互相制作会说话的表情包和TikTok视频。)”可知，作者认为与以前不同的是现在的孩子们花太多的时间在手机上。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therewillbenoboxesofletterstosortyearsfromnownoranyhiddenbraceletstofind.Theywillhavelittletophysicallyholdonto.(若干年后，不会再有一盒盒的信件需要整理，也不会有任何隐藏的手镯需要寻找。他们几乎没有什么可以依靠的东西。) ”可知，代表友谊的手链只有作者有，她的孩子没有。作者提到了手链让她想起了美妙的童年生活，而这种感受当今的孩子们是无法体会的，因为他们大多数沉浸在虚拟世界。这些手链以一种她的孩子们永远不会知道的方式赋予了作者童年的意义。故选B。DTheBestWaytoEnjoyaBookIamnosloweater.Ican’trememberthenumberoftimesIwastoldasachildnottogobblemyfood.NorhaveIbeenaslowreader.IwentthroughbookslikecombineharvestersthroughcropsintheEnglishvillageofmychildhood.PerhapsIwillcontinuetogobblemyfooduntilmylastmealonthisplanet.Butbooks!Theyareanentirelydifferentmatter.Havingbeenpreventedfromvisitingbookstoresandlibrariesduringthesedaysofisolation.Ihavedecidedtomakechanges.Afteralldidn’tsomeoneoncesay,“It’sanillwindthatblowsnobodyanygood.”Iimagineslowreadingtobelikeslowcooking:avarietyofingredientsmixedintosomethingonecantrulyenjoy.Slowreadingmeansenjoyingeachsentence,absorbingallofthoseparagraphsofdescriptionthathadprobablybeensweatedoverbytheauthorand,moreoftenthannot,skippedoverbyreaderslikeme.Thisisn’ttosayIpayonlyrandomattentiontoabook.Beforedecidingononetobuyorborrow,Ialwaysreadthesynopsisandthe“AbouttheAuthor”section.Iwouldalsoreadthededication,theforewordandtheauthor’sacknowledgments.OnlythendoImoveontothebook’sopeningsentence.ThisisessentiallyhowIhadselectedthetwobooksthatImostrecentlyfinished.Inordertotrulyenjoythesetwonovels,Irationedmyreadingtotwohoursaday-nomoreandnoless.Afunnythinghappenswhenyoutaketwohoursoutoftheday-everyday–forsomethingyoureally,reallyenjoy.IexperiencedaquietsenseofaccomplishmentthatIhadmissedforyears.EnglishwriterKateAtkinson’sTranscriptionhasbeenadvertisedas“anovelofraredepthfromoneofthebestwritersofourtime.”Award-winningNewfoundlerMichaelCrummey’sTheInnocents,meanwhile,issaidtobe“arichlyimaginedandfascinatingstoryofhardshipandsurvival.”IamgladIdidn’treadTranscriptionatmyusualpace.IsuspectIwouldhavemissedmuchofthebrillianceofthewriting.Instead,Imademyselfcompletelyinvolvedinthelifeof18-year-oldJulie.Ioftenpausedattheendofachaptertorereaditforthejoyoflaughingaloudattheheroine’observations.TheInnocentsisaboutthelifeoftwoorphansinanisolatedbayinNewfoundland.Itwashardnottorunthroughthispowerfulnarrative—butIresistedthetemptation.MypatiencewasrewardedwithadeeperunderstandingofthecharacterandrichdescriptionofnorthernNewfoundland—sorealthatIcouldalmostfeelthelichen(地衣)betweenmytoes.SohereIam,twobooksfinishedthattookmeamonthtoread.Ihavebeenentertained,enrichedandtransported intimeandplacelikeIneverhavebefore.Havingdiscoveredthejoysoftakingmytimeoverabooknow,IdoubtIwilleveragainannounceproudly,“Itonlytookmeadayoracoupleofhourstofinish!”12.Accordingtothearticletheauthorusedto______.A.readnovelswhilegobblingherfood.B.spendnomorethantwohoursreadingeveryday.C.consideritawasteoftimetoreadfictionalstories.D.finishreadingabookinadayorevenacoupleofhours.13.Theunderlinedproverb“It’sanillwindthatblowsnobodyanygood,”probablymeans______.A.eventhecraziestideascanbecomepopular.B.eventhemostpopularideascangooutoffashion.C.eventhemostpositivesituationscanharmsomeone.D.eventhemostnegativesituationscanbenefitsomeone.14.Theauthorcomparedreadingtocookinginordertoillustratethat______.A.itisfuntoreadbookrelatedtofood.B.itisrewardingtopickupvarioustypesofbooks.C.itisworthwhiletoappreciatethebrillianceofeverysentence.D.Itisimportanttoreadthesynopsisbeforedecidingonabooktoread.15.WhilereadingTheInnocents,theauthor______.A.imaginedherselftobeanorphan.B.endedupwithadeepappreciationofthestory.C.readthroughthedescriptivepartofthebookquickly.D.thoughtabouttherelationshipbetweenhardshipandsurvival.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要告诉人们在读书时应该回归细读。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“NorhaveIbeenaslowreader.IwentthroughbookslikecombineharvestersthroughcropsintheEnglishvillageofmychildhood.”（我读书也不慢。我浏览书籍就像我童年的英国村庄里联合收割机收割庄稼一样）可推知，我以前读书囫囵吞枣，故选D项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据前句“Havingbeenpreventedfromvisitingbookstoresandlibrariesduringthesedaysof isolation.Ihavedecidedtomakechanges.”（因为在隔离期间被阻止进入书店和图书馆，我决定做出改变）可知，这一原本不好的事情对作者产生了积极的影响，所以“It’sanillwindthatblowsnobodyanygood.”（没有绝对的坏事）应理解为“即使是最消极的情况也能让人受益”，故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Iimagineslowreadingtobelikeslowcooking:avarietyofingredientsmixedintosomethingonecantrulyenjoy.Slowreadingmeansenjoyingeachsentence,absorbingallofthoseparagraphsofdescriptionthathadprobablybeensweatedoverbytheauthorand,moreoftenthannot,skippedoverbyreaderslikeme.”（我想象慢阅读就像慢烹饪：将各种食材混合在一起，成为人们真正喜欢的东西。慢速阅读意味着享受每句话，吸收所有的描述段落，这些段落可能是作者煞费苦心写的，而像我这样的读者往往会跳过）可推知，作者作者把阅读比作烹饪是为了证明细细品读是值得的，故选C项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“MypatiencewasrewardedwithadeeperunderstandingofthecharacterandrichdescriptionofnorthernNewfoundland”（我的耐心得到了回报，我对人物和纽芬兰岛的丰富的描述有了更深的理解）可知，作者对该书的故事理解更深，故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Webuywhatweneedandwant.Butatthesametime,wealsoneedtomakesurethatwearenotshortofcashwhileshoppingandwearesavingourmoneywitheverypurchasewemake.Belowaresomesimpletips.Makeashoppinglist.Whenyoulisttheitemsyouwanttoshopfor,youdon’tbuyexcessivelyorimpulsively(过度或冲动地)whileshopping.____16____Thishelpsyoutosavemoneyandmovewithinabudget.Compareprices.____17____Instead,lookandfindtheproductinotherstorestoseewhichoffersthecheapestprice.Youcancheckonlinesitestoo.Leavethestorewhenindoubt.Ifyoucannotdecidewhethertobuyaproduct,donotmakeapurchase.Instead,leavethestore.Ifyoudecidelaterthatyouwantit,youcanalwaysvisittheshopnexttime.____18____Watchoutforsaleoffers.Don’tgoforitemsonsaleiftheyarenotneeded,eveniftheyarebeingofferedatacheapprice.Onlybuywhatyouneed. ____19____Don’tchoosefriendswhoareshopaholics(购物狂)themselvesandlovetoseeyouspendingbecauseitmakesthemfeelbetterabouttheirpurchases.Instead,gotomallswithfriendswhodonotpressureyoutobuyanythingbutgiveyouanhonestopinionandhelpyouinmakingyourpurchase.____20____However,withsomeeffortandtime,youwillbeabletobuildabiggersavingsaccountandahealthierbudget.A.Ifyoucanmakeit,thendon’tbuy.B.Savingwhileshoppingisnoteasy.C.Pickyourshoppingfriendswisely.D.Thinkbeforebuying:AmIgoingtoneedit?E.Theruleallowsyoutobuyonlywhat’sonthelist.F.Chancesarethatyou’llbegladthatyousavedthemoney.G.Don’tjustbuyrightawayonseeingaproductyoufind.【答案】16.E17.G18.D19.C20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了购物时如何省钱的建议。【16题详解】根据小标题“Makeashoppinglist.(列一张购物清单)”和前句“Whenyoulisttheitemsyouwanttoshopfor,youdon’tbuyexcessivelyorimpulsively(过度或冲动地)whileshopping.(当你列出你想买的东西时，你不会在购物时过度或冲动地购买)”可知，购物时只买购物清单的东西。所以E“Theruleallowsyoutobuyonlywhat’sonthelist.(这条规定允许你只买清单上的东西)”符合上下文语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据小标题“Compareprices.(比较价格)”和后句“Instead,lookandfindtheproductinotherstorestoseewhichoffersthecheapestprice.(相反，在其他商店寻找产品，看看哪个提供最便宜的价格)”可知，购物时要比较价格，不要一看到产品就买。所以G“Don’tjustbuyrightawayonseeingaproductyoufind.(不要一看到产品就马上买)”符合上下文语境。故选G。【18题详解】根据小标题“Leavethestorewhenindoubt.(如果有疑问就离开商店)”和前文“Ifyoucannotdecidewhethertobuyaproduct,donotmakeapurchase.Instead,leavethestore.Ifyoudecidelaterthatyouwantit,youcanalwaysvisittheshopnexttime.(如果你不能决定是否购买一个产品，就不要购买。相反，离开商店。如果你后来决定你想要它，你可以随时下次去商店) ”可知，购物时要想清楚是否确实需要购买此产品。所以D“Thinkbeforebuying:AmIgoingtoneedit?(买之前想清楚：我需要它吗？)”符合上下文语境。故选D。【19题详解】这里为本段小标题。根据下文“Don’tchoosefriendswhoareshopaholics(购物狂)themselvesandlovetoseeyouspendingbecauseitmakesthemfeelbetterabouttheirpurchases.Instead,gotomallswithfriendswhodonotpressureyoutobuyanythingbutgiveyouanhonestopinionandhelpyouinmakingyourpurchase.(不要选择那些喜欢看你花钱的朋友，因为这会让他们对自己的购买感觉更好。相反，和朋友一起去购物中心，他们不会强迫你买东西，而是会给你一个诚实的意见，帮助你购物)”可知，本段介绍要明智地选择一起购物的朋友。所以C“Pickyourshoppingfriendswisely.(明智地挑选你的购物朋友)”符合上下文语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据后句“However,withsomeeffortandtime,youwillbeabletobuildabiggersavingsaccountandahealthierbudget.(然而，通过一些努力和时间，你将能够建立一个更大的储蓄账户和一个更健康的预算)”可知，虽然边购物边存钱并不容易，但通过以上一些简单的建议，就能够更健康地消费。所以B“Savingwhileshoppingisnoteasy.(边购物边存钱并不容易)”符合上下文语境。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Howlongcanhumanbeingslive?Mostscientistswhostudyoldagethinkthatthehumanbodyis ___21___ tolivenolongerthan120years.However,110yearsisprobablythelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive—ifheorsheis ___22___ healthyandlucky.Somescientistsevensaywecanliveaslongas130years!Yet,ourcellssimplycannotcontinuetoreproduce ___23___.Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetoldand ___24___ die.Eventhoughwecan’tliveforever,wearelivinga ___25___ lifethaneverbefore.In1900,theaverageAmericanlifespan(寿命)wasonly47years,buttodayitis75years!Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-dateasthe ___26___ linebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterall,manyolderpeopledon’tbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental ___27___ untilafterage75.Peoplearelivinglongerbecausemorepeople ___28___ childhood.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhood ___29___.Nowthatthechancesofdying ___30___ aremuchlower,thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetobetterdietsandhealthcare.Onthewhole,ourpopulationisgettingolder.The ___31___ inourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectson oursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswillbefortheworse,whilesomesee ___32___,notdisaster.Today,manymenandwomenintheir"goldenyears"arehealthy,stillactive,andyoungin ___33___ ifnotinage.Asoursocietygrowsold,weneedthe ___34___ ofouroldercitizens.Withlonglivesaheadofthem,theyneedto ___35___ activeandbedevoted.21.A.designedB.selectedC.improvedD.discovered22.A.completelyB.generallyC.apparentlyD.extremely23.A.rapidlyB.harmlesslyC.endlesslyD.separately24.A.eventuallyB.hopelesslyC.automaticallyD.desperately25.A.busierB.longerC.richerD.happier26.A.finishingB.guidingC.waitingD.dividing27.A.stressB.damageC.declineD.failure28.A.surviveB.enjoyC.rememberD.value29.A.problemsB.fearsC.worriesD.diseases30.A.poorB.youngC.sickD.quiet31.A.changesB.recoveryC.safetyD.increases32.A.dreamsB.chancesC.strengthsD.choices33.A.mindB.appearanceC.voiceD.movement34.A.protectionB.suggestionsC.contributionsD.permission35.A.soundB.appearC.turnD.stay【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.A25.B26.D27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.B33.A34.C35.D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。【21题详解】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed设计；selected选择，挑选；improved提高，改善；discovered发现。根据livenolongerthan120years可知，人类最多不会活过120岁，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定的，bedesignedtodo被设计，故应选A。 【22题详解】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely完全地；generally一般地；apparently显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据thelongestthatanyonecouldhopetolive可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。【23题详解】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly快速地；harmlessly无害地；endlessly无止境的；separately分离地，分开地。根据Theywearout,andasaresult可知，因为人体的细胞会耗尽，不会无止境的再生。因此应选C。【24题详解】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually最终；hopelessly没有希望地；automatically自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据Theywearout,andasaresult,wegetold可知，这里在说人的生长过程。选A。【25题详解】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier更忙的；longer更长的；richer更富有的；happier更开心的。根据thaneverbefore可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing完成；guiding指导，指引；waiting等待；dividing划分。根据Sixty-fivemaybeout-of-date可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividingline分界线，故选D。【27题详解】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress压力，压迫；damage损坏；decline衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据untilafterage75可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。【28题详解】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive幸存；enjoy喜欢，欣赏；remember记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigherduetoabetterdietsandhealthcare可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。【29题详解】 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems问题；fears恐惧，害怕；worries担心；diseases疾病。根据Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,可知，由于以前没有现代药物，当时很多普遍的儿童因为疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor穷的；young年轻的；sick病的；quiet安静的。根据thechancesoflivinglongaremuchhigher可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，现在少年死去的几率低了，dyingyoung就是年少死去。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes改变；recovery恢复；safety安全；increases增长，增加。根据下文中Somepeoplefearsuchchangeswill…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。【32题详解】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams梦想；chances机会；strengths力量；choices选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。【33题详解】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind心态；appearance外表；voice声音；movement移动。根据healthy,stillactive,andyoungin　　13　　ifnotinage.可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。【34题详解】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection保护；suggestions建议；contributions贡献；permission允许。根据theyneedto　　15　　activeandbedevoted.可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。【35题详解】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound听起来；appear好像；出现；turn转，变成；stay保持。根据Withlonglivesaheadofthem,可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，根据中文或首字母，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Throughoutthecourseofhistory,itisthemoralsandv_____36_____ofhumanitythatmakesushumantheparagon(模范)oftheworld.ThinkofDr.LinQiaozhi.Unlikethem_____37_____ofgirlsofhertime,shestudiedhard____38____(admit)tothemedicaluniversity,andfinallybecameagreatwoman_____39_____(know)asthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”.ThenthinkoftheimmigrantswhowenttoAmericatoseektheirf____40____duringthegoldrush.Theys___41___downandopenedupshopstoe____42____aliving.Theybroughttheirownculturestothecountry,____43____(make)itanationwithgreatculturald____44____.Finally,therearescientistsanda____45____whoareintelligent,____46____(有耐心的)andbraveenoughtocarryonthismission____47____thehugerisks.Theybelievethe____48____(explore)ofthisfinalf____49____canhelpthem____50____(追求)abetterfutureformankind.【答案】36.ice##vice37.ost##most38.tobeadmitted39.known40.ortune##fortune41.earched##searched42.earn##arn43.making44.iversity##diversity45.dventurers##adventurers46.patient47.and48.exploration49.aith##faith50.pursue【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例阐述了人性的道德与邪恶。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：纵观历史，正是人性的道德与邪恶，使我们人类成为世界的典范。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为vice；设空处和and前的名词并列，应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填vice。【37题详解】 考查代词。句意：与她那个时代的大多数女孩不同，她努力学习，考上了医科大学，最终成为了一位被称为“万婴之母”的伟大女性。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为most，mostof(大部分的)。故填most。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与她那个时代的大多数女孩不同，她努力学习，考上了医科大学，最终成为了一位被称为“万婴之母”的伟大女性。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，应用不定式表目的，she和admit之间是被动关系，因此用不定式的被动。故填tobeadmitted。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不像她那个时代的大多数女孩，她努力学习考上了医科大学，最后成为了一个有“万胞胎之母”之称的伟大女性。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语beknownas“作为……而闻名”，省略be动词使用过去分词，作定语。故填known。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：再想想那些在淘金热时期去美国淘金的移民。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为fortune(财富)，为不可数名词；空前为形容词性的物主代词，设空处应用名词的形式。故填fortune。【41题详解】考查动词。句意：他们四处寻找，开商店谋生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为search(搜寻)，设空处在句中作谓语，叙述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填searched。【42题详解】考查动词。句意：他们四处寻找，开商店谋生。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处为earn，设空处应为动词不定式作目的状语，空前为to，earnaliving(谋生)是固定搭配。故填earn。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们把自己的文化带到这个国家，使它成为一个文化多样性很强的国家。分析句子结构可知，make是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语they是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填making。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：他们把自己的文化带到这个国家，使它成为一个文化多样性很强的国家。根据句意结合首字母可知，此处为diversity(多样性)，空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，设空处应为名词的形式，表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填diversity。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。根据句意结合首字母，可知为adventure(冒险)。设空处和and前的scientists并列，应用名词的复数的形式。故填adventurers。【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。根据汉语提示可知，此处为patient(有耐心的)，设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词的形式。故填patient。【47题详解】考查连词。句意：最后，有足够聪明、耐心和勇敢的科学家和冒险家来承担这项任务和巨大的风险。空前的mission和空后的risks并列，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。设空处应用名词作宾语，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填exploration。【49题详解】考查名词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。根据句意结合首字母可知，此处为faith(信念)；空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，根据空前的this，可知设空处为名词单数的形式。故填faith。【50题详解】考查动词。句意：他们相信对这一最终信仰的探索可以帮助他们为人类追求更美好的未来。根据汉语提示可知，此处为pursue(追求)，helpsbdosth帮助某人做某事，故设空处应为动词原形的形式。故填pursue。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)51.假定你是李华，你们学校要举办传统中医讲座，你的留学生朋友Chris对中国传统文化有浓厚的兴趣，因此，你想邀请他参加该讲座。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.讲座的时间和地点；2.讲座的内容（中医的历史、作用、影响等）；3.讲座对他的帮助。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：传统中医traditionalChinesemedicine _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearChris,KnowingthatyouhaveakeeninterestintraditionalChineseCulture,Ican’twaittoinviteyoutoalectureontraditionalChinesemedicinewhichwillbeheldinmyschool.Thelecturewillbeginat3p.m.thisSundayintheschoolhall.AnexpertisgoingtonarratethedevelopmenthistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicineandsharesomesignificanceandeffectsofit.AsfarasIcansee,itcanenrichyourunderstandingoftraditionalChinesemedicineandmakeyourealizehowmuchdifferencetraditionalChineseculturehasmadeinthepresentworld.Lookingforwardtoyourarrival!Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生写信邀请留学生朋友Chris参加学校要举办传统中医讲座。【详解】1.词汇积累对…感兴趣：haveaninterestin→beinterestedin举办：hold→throw陈述：narrate→recount在我看来：asfarasIcansee→inmyopinion2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Thelecturewillbeginat3p.m.thisSundayintheschoolhall.AnexpertisgoingtonarratethedevelopmenthistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicineandsharesomesignificanceandeffectsofit.拓展句：Thelecturewillbeginat3p.m.thisSundayintheschoolhall,duringwhichanexpertisgoingtonarratethedevelopmenthistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicineandsharesomesignificanceandeffectsofit.【点睛】【高分句型1】KnowingthatyouhaveakeeninterestintraditionalChineseCulture,Ican’twaittoinviteyoutoalectureontraditionalChinesemedicinewhichwillbeheldinmyschool.（由that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句）【高分句型2】AsfarasIcansee,itcanenrichyourunderstandingoftraditionalChinesemedicineandmakeyourealizehowmuchdifferencetraditionalChineseculturehasmadeinthepresentworld.（由howmuch引导的宾语从句）