冲刺2024年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点专题02 名词和主谓一致 (原卷版)（新教材专用）.docx

《冲刺2024年高中英语学业水平考试必备考点专题02 名词和主谓一致 (原卷版)（新教材专用）.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

专题01名词和主谓一致PartⅠ基础知识点讲义PartⅡ会考真题精练PartⅢ最新试题测试PartⅠ基础知识点讲义考点一、可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－es（如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要+s,如stomachs）glasses，dishes，boxes，watches以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y结尾加－sboys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes注意：①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。②以－f或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。在这些词中，由单数变复数时，须先将f或fe变为v再加-es变成复数，即：树叶leaf-leaves,半数half--halves,自己self—selves;妻子wife--wives,刀knife--knives,长条面包loaf—loves;架shelf--shelves,狼wolf--wolves,小偷thief—thieves;生命life-lives。相信证据在悬崖的顶房。在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直接在词尾加-s构成，即：学科网（北京）股份有限公司 相信（belief-beliefs）；悬崖（cliff-cliffs）证据（proof-proofs）上顶房（即房顶、屋顶roof-roofs）③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：womandoctor→womendoctors(2)不规则变化①常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。②自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→children　man男人→men　tooth牙→teeth　foot脚，英尺→feet　mouse老鼠→mice　phenomenon现象→phenomena　medium传播媒介→media考点二、不可数名词具体化(1)通常只用作不可数名词的名词：advice建议，furniture家具，fun乐趣；information信息，news新闻，weather天气，progress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。(2)不可数名词具体化①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情Yourcontributionwillcertainlymaketheeventahugesuccess.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。②物质名词具体化drink饮料→twodrinks两杯饮料　coffee咖啡→acoffee一杯咖啡　chalk粉笔→achalk一支粉笔　hair头发→ahair一根头发学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如：Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。考点三、名词所有格(1)－’s所有格①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。Tom’sandJim’srooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。TomandJim’sroom.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。atthebarber’s在理发店attheteacher’s在老师办公室(2)of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小说的内容thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字(3)双重所有格指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。aplayofShakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)考点四主谓一致1.掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；2.掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；3.掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；4.掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1.单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。☛Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.☛Timeismoney.☛Tofinishalltheworkontimeisimpossible.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ☛Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.☛Thechildrenareintheclassroom2hoursago.◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。WhatIboughtwere3Englishbooks.WhatIsayanddoarehelpfultoyou.2.由and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。LucyandLilyaretwins.SheandIarefriends.BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。Thewriterandartisthascome.◆由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,every,nomorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom.Noboyandnogirllikesit.3.主语后面有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4.either,neither,each,every或no+单数neither/neither/noneof＋复数名词，还有some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Eachofushasanewbook.Everythingaroundusismatter.Neitherofthetextsisinteresting.NoneofushasbeentoSouthAfrica.5.定语从句中，关系代词that,which,who作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。Heisoneofmystudentswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6.集体名词family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience学科网（北京）股份有限公司 等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.ThepopulationofChinais1400million.(人口)Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.(人)◆people,cattle,police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。7.由alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。Therestofthelectureiswonderful.Alotoftimeiswasted.Alotofpeopletakepartinthemeeting.2/3waterisdrunkbyhim.2/3studentsareabsent.8.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.8.不定代词作主语1）.当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。☛Eachstudenthasabook.每一个学生都有一本书。☛Eitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都是正确的。☛Neitherparentiswithhim.他的父母都没有和他在一起。☛Everyminuteisimportanttous.每一分钟对大家都很重要。2）.当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。☛Somebodyiswaitingforyououtside.有人在外面等你。☛Iseverybodyheretoday?今天大家都到了吗?☛Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.我的手表出故障了。☛Nobodywasawayyesterday.昨天没有人离开。学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考向二、意义一致原则1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。☛Tenyearshaspassedquickly.10年很快就过去了。☛Tendollarsisenough.10美元就够了。☛100kilometersisalongway.100千米是一段很长的路。2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。☛Twoandtwois/arefour.2加2等于4。☛Sixtimesoneis/aresix.6乘以1等于6。3.＂manya/morethanone+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。☛Thereismorethanoneanswer.有不止一个答案。☛Manyastudenthaspassedtheexam.许多学生通过了考试。4.＂oneandahalf+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。☛OneandahalfdaysisallIcanspare.一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。☛Oneandahalfpearsisleftontheplate.一个半梨被留在盘子里。5.therestof...短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。☛Therestofthebikesareonsale.余下的自行车降价出售。☛Therestofthebreadisgone.剩余的面包不见了。6.＂noneof+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。☛Noneofthedogswas/werethere.那儿没有狗。7.＂anumberof+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂thenumberof+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。☛Anumberoffarmersarestandingoverthere.许多农民站在那边。☛Thenumberofthestudentsinthisschoolhasreachedover2，000.这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。8.＂alotof/lotsof/plentyof+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。☛Alotoftimeisneeded.需要大量的时间。☛Plentyofworkersareworking.许多工人在工作。9.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。☛TheUnitedStatesliestotheeastofChina.美国在中国东方。(国名)学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ☛Engelswasgoodatlearningforeignlanguages.恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)10.＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。☛Thesickaretakengoodcareof.病人得到很好的照顾。☛Theoldaresupposedtobespokentopolitely.跟老人讲话要有礼貌。11.以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。☛Physicsisverydifficultformetolearn.物理对我来讲很难学。☛Thenewswasveryexciting.这条新闻十分激动人心。12.单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。☛AChinesewantstoseeyou.一个中国人想见你。☛Tensheepareeatinggrassthere.那边有10只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。TheChinesespeakChinese.中国人说汉语。考向三、就近一致原则就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。（1）当两个主语由either…or，neither…nor，whether…or…，notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。NeitherhisparentsnorIamabletopersuadehimtochangehismind.他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。（2）therebe句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。Therearetwopens，abookandthreepencilsonthedesk.书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。Thereisabook，twopensandthreepencilsonthedesk.书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。（3）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Hereisamapandahandbookforyou.这是一张你的地图和一本手册。Sucharethefacts.事实就是如此。（4）就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有aswellas，asmuchas，alongwith，with，like，ratherthan，togetherwith，but，学科网（北京）股份有限公司 except，besides，including，inadditionto等。yoursisteraswellasyourparentsisverykindtome.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。she，likeyouandbetty，isveryclever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。Sheaswellasotherstudentslikesplayingcomputergames.她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。Hewithhisparentsisworkinginthefields.他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobodybutyouandmeknowsit.除了你和我，没人知道。PartⅡ会考真题精练一、根据汉语意思填写单词1．（2021秋·吉林·高二统考学业考试）Tomworkedhardtoachievehis(梦想)ofbecomingascientist.2．（2021秋·吉林·高二统考学业考试）MybestfriendandIareofan(年龄).3．（2022秋·云南·高二统考学业考试）Youwillreceiveawarm(欢迎)whenyoucometoourschool.4．（2022秋·云南·高二统考学业考试）Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnext（星期一）.5．（2020·安徽·高三统考学业考试）Whenitcomestojobinterviews,firsti(印象)areimportant.三、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子（2022春·宁夏银川·高二学业考试）阅读下列各句，从每题所给的A和B两个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。6．Thedoctorstriedhisbestand(A．saved;B．saving)themanintime.7．Don’tloseheartandkeepontrying,and(A．your;B．you)effortswillsurelygiveyouasurprisenexttime.8．Whenyouwanttogoshopping,thinkaboutwhatkindofclothesyou(A．real;B．really)need.9．RunningisfunandIenjoyrunningthree(A．time;B．times)aweek.10．TheMid-AutumnDayisoneofthemostimportant(A．festivals;B．festival)inChina.四、用单词的适当形式完成句子11．（2023春·广东佛山·高二统考学业考试）Theyareasignofourwishesforhealthand(happy)inthecomingyear.12．（2021秋·吉林·高二统考学业考试）Great(change)havetakenplaceinChinainthepastten学科网（北京）股份有限公司 years.五、单句改错（2023·全国·高二学业考试）下列各句中都有一处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请按要求修改下列各句。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。13．Headvisedmethattotakeoffmycoat.14．Daddyreturnedfromwork,tiringandbored.15．Ihavebeenlookingforwardtovisityournewhome.16．Wegotupearlyinordercatchtheschoolbus.17．OneofmyfriendwastakingcareofmewhenIwasinhospital.（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。18．Therailwaystationisatadistantoftwomilesawayfromourschool.19．Youcaneveneatwhilewatchthefishswimby.20．Peoplesaythatapersonshouldbejudgedbyhisbehave,nothiswords.21．MyheartwasbeatingfastandIwasalittleoutofbreathe.22．Hehasrunoutallthemoneyhisparentsgavehim.23．Itisbadmannertotalkwithyourfingerpointingatanotherperson.24．Thebiggestdolphinscanmeasurefourmeterslength.25．Tom,aswellashisparents,likehikingverymuch.26．Mary’sconfidencemadegoodimpressiononeveryoneinthespeechcontest.27．Hehastotaketheresponsibleforeverything.（2023·全国·高二学业考试）单句改错28．IwenttoEgyptlastyear.Itwasworthvisited.29．ItwasattheschoolgatewhereImetmyEnglishteacher.30．Thereisalotoftoexploreatseniorhighschool.31．IplantoimprovemyspeakingEnglish.32．Sheissuretosucceedbecausesheneverloseshearts.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）单句改错33．ChimelongOceanKingdomisoneoftheleadingocean-themedparkintheworld.34．TravelingthroughspaceandvisitapirateshipareallpossibleatDisneyland.35．Whenwegrowup,weshoulddependentonourselvesratherthanourparents.36．Hegaveusmanyreasonsinhiseagertopersuadeus.37．Manyparentslackofpatiencetotelltheirchildrenwhytheyshouldbehaveastold.38．DuringtheSecondWorldWar,thousandsofpeoplefleethecountry.39．RecentlyI’veread4books,ofthattwowerewrittenbyhim.40．Guangzhou,locatingontheeastcoastofChina,isknownasaseaport.41．Tonyislookingforwardtomeetthenewexchangestudents.42．Iwastotallyconfusingbysomanyquestions.PartⅢ最新试题测试1．Theygaveherthe________(choose),andshedecidedsh’dlikeabikeforherbirthday.2．Youhavetogetusedtoawholenewwayoflife,whichcantakeupallthe________(concentrate)inthebeginning.3．Thetechnologyforsuchasystemhasadvancedgreatlysinceits________(appear)inthe1950s.4．________(educate)shouldn’tbemeasuredonlybytheexaminationresults.5．After________(graduate)shewastrainedintraditionalChinesemedicinefortwoyearsandahalf.6．AnAfricangreyparrotcalledAlexwasabletolearnnumbersandcoulddosimple________(calculate).7．Withimpressiveviewsanda________(combine)ofbothindoorandoutdoorseating,itattractsalotoftourists.8．However,________(research)fromStanfordUniversityhavefoundapossibleanswer.9．Thecityhaschangedsomuchthatitisbeyondall________(recognize).10．Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesof________(suffer)duringthewar.11．Idon’twanttotakeawayfromhis________(achieve),buthecouldn’thavedoneitwithoutmyhelp.12．Thesecharitiesdependonthecompassionatefeelingsand________(generous)ofthegeneralpublic.13．Exportshaveincreasedby66percentsince1981,betterthananyofoursixmain________(compete).14．Therearefewer________(opportunity)fornewgraduatesthisyear.15．Peoplewhohadseenhimwereabletogivea________(describe).16．Toour________(satisfy),hegotfirstprizeinthecompetition.17．Thentherewasan________(explode)ofbrightcoloursandlivelymusic,andthegroupjumpedintoaction.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 18．Early________(detect)ofcancerscangreatlyincreasethechancesofcureevenifyoudon’thaveanysymptomsyet.19．Nowanumberofschoolshavepsychological________(consult)tohelpstudentswhoareunderpsychologicalpressure.20．Shegoestogreat________(long)tokeepherprivatelifeprivate.21．Someinsectstakeonthecolouroftheir________(surrounding)toprotectthemselves.22．Therewasagradual________(extend)ofthepowersofcentralgovernment.23．Studentswhograduatewithworkingexperiencewillbegiven________(prefer)overthosewhoneverworkinanycompanies.24．Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthe_________(true)nomattertheconsequences.25．Tom’slittlesisterisagirlofgreat________(curious).Shetakesaninterestineverything.26．The_________(research)examinedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.27．Althoughpopular_______(believe)regardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.28．Motherreservedher________(complain)aboutmymessyroomuntilmyfriendleft.29．Socialnetworkinghasbeenin________(exist)foratleast150years,andprobablylongerthanthat.30．Itisreportedthatthree________(Canada)havebeenputintoprison.31．We’dlovetogivefull________(cover)toallpartiesandcandidates.32．Publicpraisecanbeasupplementarymeansof________(motivate),sincepublicrecognitionbringspeopleasenseofsatisfaction.33．Theengineerthinkshehascomecloserthananyonetomakingflyingcarsa_____(real).34．The_______________(perform)theyputonprovedtobesuccessful.35．Toour_______________(relieve),herecoveredhishealthandwentbacktowork.36．Thespeakerisconsideredtobegoodatdealingwithforeign_______________(affair).37．Thevalueandimportanceofsocial________(stable)cannotbeignored.38．Confuciusfirstsetupprivateschoolsandreceivedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout________(consider)oftheirsocialstatus.39．Ipaidavisittomanytourist_________(attract)inBeijingthissummerholiday,whichgreatlyenrichesmyknowledge.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 40．Shebearsastriking________(similar)tohermother.41．Sincetheir________(separate)twoyearsago,Ms.BrownellandMr.Sibleyhaveworkedtogether.42．Theobvious_________(solve)tothisproblemissimple:justdon’tdrink.43．Inmyview,housepricecontinuestoshowanupward________(tend).44．Theboywaspunishedinthe________(present)ofallhisclassmates.45．Theoldbuildingisinagoodstateof_________(preserve)exceptforthewoodenfloors.46．Withsocialstability(稳定),ordinarypeoplewillhaveasenseof_________(secure).47．The________(reject)ofthepeaceplanraisesthethreatofamoregeneralwar.48．Thebookmadeadeep________(impress)onhim.49．Allthe________(indicate)arethatwearegoingtoreceivereasonablesupportfromabroad.50．Onhis_________(arrive),weallgavehimawarmwelcomeandpresentedhimwithflowers.51．Theexperimentsoftheresearchersareonthe_________(base)ofaseriesoffacts.52．Toourgreat_________(astonish),heleftthepartywithouttellinganyone.53．Weshouldraisethe_________(aware)ofprotectingtheenvironmentsothatwecanmakeourearthabetterplacetolive.54．Hecouldnotescapefromhis________(responsible)intheaccident.55．________(punish)canneverbeaneffectivecureforseveresocialproblems.56．Heisbeingconstantlymonitoredwithregularchecksonhisblood________(press).57．Thereisthestrong________(possible)thatsuchcooperationwillbeunworkable.58．Thetongueisoneofthemostimportantpartsfor________(pronounce).59．Hedidn’tdoenough________(prepare)forthisexamandfailed.60．Tomydisappointment,IhadtoleftthemusicfestivalearlybecauseIhadan_________(appoint)laterthatday.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司