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专题12特殊句式PartⅠ基础知识点讲义PartⅡ会考真题精练PartⅢ最新试题测试PartⅠ基础知识点讲义一．倒装句的考查要点1.全部倒装(1)在Therebe/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。Look，there’sthatbookshopIwastellingyouabout.(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。Theregoesthephone.I’llanswerit.(3)such作表语置于句首时。SuchwasAlbertEinstein，asimplemanbutthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。“Ifyoudie，whowillgetyourmoney？”askedHolmes.(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。Inthecenterofthesquarestandsamonument.(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.2.部分倒装在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，bynomeans，atnotime，undernocircumstances，innocase等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.(2)在not...until...，nosooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...等句式中。Neitherdoeshedrinknorsmoke.(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。OnlythendidIfindIhadmadeamistake.(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当so＋形容词/副词或such＋名词位于句首时。Soexhaustedwasshethatshewantedtohavearest.(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。TimeshavechangedandsohaveI.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
(6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。Theycouldn’tunderstanditatthattime，andnorcouldwe.(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。Haditnotbeenforyourhelp，weshouldn’thaveachievedsomuch.(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。Tryasshemight，Suecouldn’tgetthedooropen.(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。Mayyousucceed！二．强调句的考查要点1.使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。Firstimpressionsreallydocount.2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。强调句型的基本句型结构为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式Itis/was...，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。Itismyparentsthat/whooftenhelpmegetoutoftrouble.(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。ItwasonAugust8,2008thatthe29thSummerOlympicGameswereopenedinBeijing.(3)强调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/wasitthat＋其他成分？”结构。Wasitherfailingherexamthatmadeherparentsunhappy？Whenwasitthatshechangedhermind？(4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.＝ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.三．省略句的考查要点1.状语从句中的省略由when，while，if，as学科网（北京）股份有限公司
if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。When(Iam)introuble，Ialwaysturntomyclassmatesforhelp.If(itis)possible，thismachinecanbefixedatonce.2.不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在beafraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen，则要保留be，have，havebeen。—WillyoupleaselookaftermyhousewhenI’maway？—I’mgladto.—Areyouasailor？—No.ButIusedtobe.Yourworkhasn’tbeenhandedin，butitoughttohavebeen.3.常考的几个省略形式ifever，ifany，ifnotbetter/worse/taller...than等。4.并列句中的省略并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。HeisgoingtoHongKong，buthisbrother(isgoing)toAmerica.Myroomisonthethirdfloorandhis，onthefifth.◆注意事项1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。Heaskedmewhoitwasthattookhisumbrellabymistake.2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句Itis/was...保持一致。ItisMarynotyouwhowantstoaskmeaboutthatmatter，isn’tit？3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。ItwasonthefarmwhereweworkedthatIgottoknowher.4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“itis/was”和连词“that”，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“itis/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。Itwasat14∶28thattheterribleearthquakebrokeout.(强调句型)学科网（北京）股份有限公司
Itwas14∶28whentheterribleearthquakebrokeout.(状语从句)四、祈使句的重要考点祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。Keepoffthegrass!勿踩踏草地！Puttheboxesinthesmallroom.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。㈠祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分＂。Don’tsaythatagain!别再那样说了！2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成＂Don’tbe+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)＂。Don’tbecareless.不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3.Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。Don’tletmegowithhertomorrow.=Letmenotgowithhertomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。Let’snottellherthetruthwheneverwemeether.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用＂No+名词/V-ing形式＂结构，表示＂禁止做某事＂。NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!㈡祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：1.祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用willyou；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’tyou。Besuretowritetous,willyou?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won’tyou?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2.祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用willyou。Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？学科网（北京）股份有限公司
3.Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shallwe外，其他均用willyou。Lettheboygofirst,willyou?让个那男孩先走，好吗？Let’stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？㈢、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是＂形式一致＂，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。二是＂意思相反＂，即Yes是＂不＂的意思；No是＂是＂的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。—Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。—Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。㈣祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。LeaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.快点，否则我们要迟到了。㈤祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltomeifhecomesheretomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。㈥祈使句的强调形式祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。Doshutup!快住口！㈦特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。Morewaterandtheyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.=Ifyouhadgiventhemmorewater,theyoungtreescouldn’thavedied.如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话，它们就不会死了。PartⅡ会考真题精练一、单项选择1．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）When______bythepolice,theyoungmanrefusedtosayanythingabout学科网（北京）股份有限公司
theaccident.A．toquestionB．questionedC．questioningD．tobequestioned2．（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）Itwasthewayhesaiditratherthanwhatheactuallysaid______mademeangry.A．asB．whichC．whatD．that3．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）Out________,withastickinhishand.A．didthemanrushB．rushedthemanC．themanrushedD．themandidrush4．（2022秋·广东清远·高一校联考学业考试）Wasitinthehouse__________youwerebornandbroughtup?A．whereB．whichC．whenD．that5．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Ihopetoseeyouattheofficetomorrow,butif________,doremembertoleavemeamessage.A．possibleB．soC．notD．any6．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Iyoucanfinishtheexamintwohours.A．doesbelieveB．dobelieveC．didbelievedD．dobelieved7．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）Onlyafterhehadspokenouttheword________hehadmadeabigmistake.A．sherealizedB．hadsherealizedC．shehadrealizedD．didsherealize8．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）If________promptlyandproperly,somecancersarehighlycurable.A．treatedB．beingapproachedC．aidingD．havingbeensolved9．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）Itwasinthefactory_______hisfriendworked_________hepickedupalotofexperience.A．where;whereB．that;whereC．that;thatD．where;that10．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）Atthefootofthemountain________manylakes.Somearelargeenoughtoholdseveraltowns.A．liesB．lieC．lyingD．lay11．（2020秋·河北·高三统考学业考试）While________dogs,peopleshouldnotletthemloose.Otherwise,theymaybedangeroustoothers.A．walkingB．walkedC．havingwalkedD．towalk12．（2020·吉林·高二统考学业考试）Itwasintheevening________thehurricanestruckthearea.A．whileB．thatC．asD．until学科网（北京）股份有限公司
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子13．（2021秋·黑龙江哈尔滨·高二哈尔滨三中校考学业考试）Heisamanoffewwords,andseldomspeaksuntil(speak)to．14．（2021秋·黑龙江哈尔滨·高二哈尔滨三中校考学业考试）Ienjoyedthefilmwesawlastnight.Itwasfarmoreinterestingthan(expect).三、单句改错（2020·吉林·高二统考学业考试）下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。15．Onsuchacoldday,peopleprefertostayathomeratherthantogoout.16．Ineverheardfromhimeversinceheleft.17．Theyoungmaninsistedbeingsenttothefront,whichmovedallthepeoplepresent.18．Onhearingthenews,Maryburstintoalaughter.19．Thesoldiersweresenttotheearthquake-hitareaimmediatelytosavethepeopletrappingintheruins.20．Thegreatnumberofchildrenwhoseparentshaddiedintheearthquakeweresenttoothercities.21．Idevotepartofmysparetimetoplaytheviolineveryday.22．Onlywhenthewarwasovertheyoungsoldierreturntohishometown.23．It’ssuchalovelycupthatbothmysisterandIlikeditforthefirsttimewesawit.24．Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhothoughthighlyofyourperformance.PartⅢ最新试题测试1．While(sleep),peopleareinparticulardangerofanemergentfire,andtheremustbeadetectoroutsideeachsleepingarea.2．If(look)forsomethingfantastictowear,thenyouwillbesuretobeattractedbythishoodie(连帽卫衣)whichcancoverallofyourfashionneeds.3．When(build)hisoriginalAppleprototype(原型)computer,Jobsencounteredashortageoffunds.4．Once(attach)totherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.5．Inthemiddleofthesquare(stand)astonewithastatueofaheroontopofit.6．Ratherthan(cause)problems,heisgoingtohelpus.7．When(absorb)inhisworldofmusic,hefeltasifhecould“see”thebeautyoftheworldaroundhim.8．Besuretopayattentiontoprotectingtheenvironmentwhile(travel).9．While(wait)forthebus,Imetanoldfriend.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
10．When(ask)whyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.11．Once(expose)tolight,thefilmwillbedamagedandgetuseless.12．JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(do)herhomework.13．Facebookisconsideringtomakeitswebsitepage(look)morebeautiful.14．Thebosshadherassistant(buy)somefoodforus.15．When(compare)differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.16．Amongtheguests(be)thepersonyouarelookingfor.17．Weexpectthere(be)alotofdiscussionsabouttheproblem.18．Then(come)herturntorecitethetext,andshedidagoodjob.19．Although(face)withallkindsofdifficulties,heneverwantedtogiveup.20．Thoughstill(practice)today,theteaceremonymaynotbeaspopularasitusedtobe.21．Don’tentertheofficeunless(tell)to.22．Anyone,once(test)positiveforEbola,thedeadlydisease,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromthegovernment.23．washerangerthatherfaceturnedred.24．Itwasnotuntildarkherealizeditwastoolatetoreturntothecamp.25．Southoftheriver(lie)asmallfactory.26．Theministerstressedthatundernocircumstances(be)thedisabledtobelookeddownupon.27．When(sit)nexttomygrandparents,Ifeltveryeasy.28．Upintothebluesky(fly)thebirdwhenwepassedbyitsnest.29．Seniorthreestudentsshouldbepositiveandbravewhen(come)acrossanyproblem.30．While(speed)upworkontheproject,wemustpayattentiontoensuringitsquality.31．Notonce(do)hegiveupforlackofexperienceandconfidence.32．Theshowismoredisappointingthan(expect).33．When(compare)thefamousactors’incomewiththatofthoseoutstandingdoctorsandresearchers,manypeoplebelieveitisnotjustified.34．Lucy’sfather,lookingveryangry,stoppedcriticizingasif(expect)Lucytoapologizetohimforcheating.35．Youarelikelytoendinfailureif(turn)adeafeartotheteachers’practicalsuggestions.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
36．If(give)moretime,IcangetahighermathsmarkasIcanhaveasecondcheck.37．Infrontoftheroom(stand)ourEnglishteachertalkingwithonestudent.38．Whendeeply(absorb)inwork,asheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.39．Thediseasewasspreadingfasterthan(expect),buttheytookactionintime.40．When(approach)thefinishline,Ifoundthatoneofmycompetitorsfelldownandgotinjured.41．When(remember)somethingnew,trytoconnectittoouremotions.42．When(question)bythemedia,theyweretoonervoustosayanything.43．Itwasafterhisdeathhismusicalworkswerefullyrecognized.44．Though(urge)togotobedmanytimes,thelittleboyjustturnedadeafearandfixedhiseyesonthecartoons.45．Theglobalwarming,ifnotproperly(control),mightleadtomorenaturaldisasters.46．Hestaredatmeasif(see)meforthefirsttime.47．When(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.48．Look!Infrontofthelineofstudents(stand)theirteacher,explainingthehistoryoftheLongjiRiceTerraces.49．Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptheturnedtoothersforhelp.50．Notonlyheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
